WHAT IS IT?

 A warm current of water replaces the usual cold

current of water off the west coast of Peru, South
America.

 Occur over a wider area covering the central and

eastern Pacific and has linkage with the occurrence
of some major unusual weather conditions in
different parts of the world like severe floods and
prolonged droughts.
 ITS NAME…

It is defined as The word “El Niño”

unusually warm is come from
water in the Pacific Spanish language
ocean, occurring that means The
near the beginning Little Boy or Christ
of the year. child.
 WHERE DOES IT FIRST START

Temperature fluctuates in surface waters of

the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Countries involved: Indian Ocean, Indonesia
, Australia, Tahiti , Pacific Ocean, Peru
 HISTORY OF THE PHENOMENON

It occur every 2-7 years , but most of them

are weak.
First El Niño event occurred pass 300
years:1790-1793
Recent El Niño event occurred: September
2006- early 2007
The worst El Niño event occurred in 1997-
1998.
 EFFECTS OF EL NIÑO
 Rainfall across the east-central and eastern Pacific Ocean had
increased.
 Major flooding in Northern Peru and Ecuador caused by warm and
very wet summers.
 Central Chile receives a mild winter with large rainfall
 Unusual snowfall events in Peruvian-Bolivian Altiplano
 Drier conditions occur in parts of Southeast Asia and Northern
Australia
 West of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Ross, Bellingshausen, and
Amundsen Sea sectors have more sea ice
 Unusual weather in America.
 Southern Brazil northern Argentina and East Africa experiences
wetter than normal conditions

And so on….
SOME PICTURES THAT SHOWED THE EFFECTS OF EL NIÑO :
Photograph courtesy of U.S Geological Survey
El Niño drought captured at a dry grassland in the Simi Hills west of
Rocketdyne
HOW DOES IT OCCUR?
 EXPLANATION
The strengths of the prevailing winds over the equatorial Pacific,
commonly known as the South East Trades depends upon the
difference in surface atmospheric pressure between:
  The subtropical high pressure region in the eastern Pacific
-where cool, dry air converges and subsides; and
 The low-pressure region over Indonesia-where warm air rises
producing cumulonimbus clouds and heavy rain-fall.
During El Niño, Indonesian low is weaker low than usual (i.e.
have anomalously high pressure) moving eastwards into the
Central Pacific, while on contrary the South Pacific becomes
anomalously low.
Normal Pacific pattern. Equatorial winds gather warm water pool toward
west. Cold water upwells along South American coast.
El Niño Conditions. Warm water pool approaches South American coast.
Absence of cold upwelling increases warming.
 EXPLANATION
1. The large width across the Pacific allows the existence of a
huge pool of warm water in the west.
2. Hence the Atlantic -with a shorter distance across the ocean-
would have a much smaller warm pool.
3. The Pacific warm pool is a gigantic source of heat that is one
of the main controls on the atmosphere.
4. When the warm pool shifts east (during El Niño) or shrinks
west (during La Niña), the effects cause a disruption to the
weathers associated with this cycle.
5. In the Atlantic the warm pool does not have enough energy
relative to the Pacific warm pool to make a difference to
worldwide weather.
 VIDEOS ON EL NIÑO

Details about El Niño :

Group Member…:
Jeverd Singh
Yoon Wai Yan
Chok Weng Sze
Ken Louis
Lim Dou Wei
Justin Goh
Michelle Lysandra