I GOT WINGS TO FLY AND FEEL THAT IM ALIVE

AIRCRAFT- THE FLYING MACHINE

AN EPILOUGE OF TIME

Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live in the world they have been given than to explore the power they have to CHANGE IT. Impossible is not a fact. It is an opinion. Impossible is not a declaration . Its a dare. IMPOSSIBLE IS A POTENTIAL. IMPOSSIBLE IS TEMPORORY. IMPOSSIBLE IS NOTTHING.

FIRST FLYING MACHINES

Pre-19th century According to Aulus Gellius, Archytas, the Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist, was reputed to have designed and built the first artificial, selfpropelled flying device, a bird-shaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have actually flown some 200 meters.This machine, which its inventor called The Pigeon (Greek: "Peristera"), may have been suspended on a wire or pivot for its flight. Bartolomeu de Gusmo, Brazil and Portugal, an experimenter with early airship designs. In 1709 demonstrated a small airship model before the Portuguese court, but never succeeded with a fullscale model. Piltre de Rozier, Paris, France, first trip by a human in a free-flying balloon (the Montgolfire). 9 km covered in 25 minutes. October 15, 1783

FATHER OF AVIATION

George Cayley, England 1853

First well-documented Western human glide. Cayley also made the first scientific studies into the aerodynamic forces on a winged flying machine and produced designs incorporating a fuselage, wings, stabilizing tail and control surfaces. He discovered and identified the four aerodynamic forces of flight weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Modern airplane design is based on those discoveries including cambered wings. He is sometimes called the "Father of aviation"

THE WRIGHT BROTHERS

Orville & Wilbur Wright, United States December 17, 1903

First recorded controlled, powered, sustained heavier than air flight, in Wright Flyer. In the day's fourth flight, Wilbur Wright flew 279 meters (852 ft) in 59 seconds. First three flights were approximately 120, 175, and 200 ft (61 m), respectively. The Wrights laid particular stress on fully and accurately describing all the requirements for controlled, powered flight and put them into use in an aircraft which took off from a level launching rail, with the aid of a headwind to achieve sufficient airspeed before reaching the end of the rail. This flight is recognized by the Fdration Aronautique Internationale (FAI), the standard setting and record-keeping body foraeronautics and astronautics, as "the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight". Wilbur Wright, United States October 5, 1905

Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles (39 km) in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.

AIRCRAFT

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. Although rockets and missiles also travel through the atmosphere, most are not considered aircraft because they use rocket thrust instead of aerodynamic loading as the primary means of lift. A cruise missile relies on a lifting wing throughout the majority of its flight regime.

Aircraft flight mechanics

Straight and level flight of aircraft :--

In flight, an aircraft can be considered as being acted on by four forces: lift, weight, thrust, and drag.Thrust is the force generated by the engine and acts along the engine's thrust vector. Lift acts perpendicular to the vector representing the aircraft's velocity relative to the atmosphere. Drag acts parallel to the aircraft's velocity vector, but in the opposite direction because drag resists motion through the air. Weight acts through the aircraft's centre of gravity, towards the centre of the Earth. In straight and level flight, lift is approximately equal to weight. In addition, if the aircraft is not accelerating, thrust is approximately equal to drag Aircraft control and movement :-There are three primary ways for an aircraft to change its orientation relative to the passing air. Pitch (movement of the nose up or down), Roll (rotation around the longitudinal axis, that is, the axis which runs along the length of the aircraft) and Yaw (movement of the nose to left or right.) Turning the aircraft (change of heading) requires the aircraft firstly to roll to achieve an angle of bank; when the desired change of heading has been accomplished the aircraft must again be rolled in the opposite direction to reduce the angle of bank to zero.

Classification by method of lift

Lighter than air - aerostats :Aerostats use buoyancy to float in the air in much the same way that ships float on the water. They are characterized by one or more large gasbags or canopies, filled with a relatively low density gas such as helium, hydrogen or hot air, which is less dense than the surrounding air. When the weight of this is added to the weight of the aircraft structure, it adds up to the same weight as the air that the craft displaces. Heavier than air - aerodynes :Heavier-than-air aircraft must find some way to push air or gas downwards, so that a reaction occurs (by Newton's laws of motion) to push the aircraft upwards. This dynamic movement through the air is the origin of the term aerodyne. There are two ways to produce dynamic upthrust: aerodynamic lift, and powered lift in the form of engine thrust. Fixed-wing aircraft : he forerunner of the fixed-wing aircraft is the kite. Whereas a fixed-wing aircraft relies on its forward speed to create airflow over the wings, a kite is tethered to the ground and relies on the wind blowing over its wings to provide lift. Kites were the first kind of aircraft to fly, and were invented in China Rotorcraft :-Rotorcraft, or rotary-wing aircraft, use a spinning rotor with aerofoil section blades (a rotary wing) to provide lift. Types include helicopters, autogyros and various hybrids such as gyrodynes and compound rotorcraft.

PICTORIAL DEMONSTRATION OF LIFT BASED CLASSIFICATION

Classification by propulsion Unpowered :Powered :-

Gliders Heavier-than-air unpowered aircraft such as gliders (i.e. sailplanes), hang gliders and paragliders, and other gliders usually do not employ propulsion once airborne. Balloons Kites Propeller aircraft A propeller comprises a set of small, wing-like aerofoils set around a central hub which spins on an axis aligned in the direction of travel. Spinning the propeller creates aerodynamic lift, or thrust, in a forward direction. A contra-prop arrangement has a second propeller close behind the first one on the same axis, which rotates in the opposite direction. Jet aircraft :Air-breathing jet engines provide thrust by taking in air, burning it with fuel in a combustion chamber, and accelerating the exhaust rearwards so that it ejects at high speed. The reaction against this acceleration provides the engine thrust. Helicopters

The rotor of a Helicopter may, like a propeller, be powered by a variety of methods such as an internal-combustion engine or jet turbine. Tip jets, fed by gases passing along hollow rotor blades from a centrally-mounted engine, have been experimented with .

PICTORIAL DEMONSTRATION OF PROPULSION BASED CLASSIFICATION

GLIDER MODELS

JET ENGINE FRANK WHITTAL (leutinent of R.A.F.)

Jet engines can be dated back to the invention of the aeolipile before the first century AD. This device used steam power directed through two nozzles so as to cause a sphere to spin rapidly on its axis. So far as is known, it was not used for supplying mechanical power, and the potential practical applications of this invention were not recognized. It was simply considered a curiosity. GLOSTER METOR WAS FIRST JET ENGINE USED WITH SPEED UPTO 740KM/HR. A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets and pump-jets. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines but non-combusting forms also exist.

SIMPLE DIAGRAM OF JET ENGINE

FACTS FIGURES

IN WW-I &II TAKE OFF LANDING GLOSTER METEOR 760 KM/HR PISTON FAN MODEL MX 630KM/HR PASSANGER CARRIER 840KM/HR ROLCE ROYCE BOING 777(350PPL) 45000 N UPTHRUST MANUALLY MADE BY 5 MEMBERS CREW THEN TESTING GRADUAL SPEED INCREASE EVERY MOMENT 5LAC PPL ARE FLYING BY JUMBO JET

DESIGNING A JET ENGINE AND ITS WORKING

DESIGN MODEL OF JET ENGINE How A Jet Engine Works.flv COMMERCIAL HOBBY BASED JET ENGINES

HOMEMADES

AIRCRAFT TODAY

JET AIRCRAFT JUMBO JET AIRCRAFT SUPERSONIC JET AIRCRAFTS SOLAR POWERED UNMANNED AIRCRAFTS ROCKET POWERED RAMJET:-A ramjet is a form of jet engine that contains no major moving parts and can be particularly useful in applications requiring a small and simple engine for high speed use, such as missiles SCRAMJET AIRCRAFT:-Scramjet aircraft are in the experimental stage. The Boeing X-43 is an experimental scramjet with a world speed record for a jet-powered aircraft - Mach 9.7, nearly 12,000 km/h ( 7,000 mph) at an altitude of about 36,000 meters ( 110,000 ft). The X-43A set the flight speed record on 16 November 2004.

AIRCRAFT MODELS

WOODS ARE LOVELY DARK AND DEEP BUT IVE GOT PROMISES TO KEEP AND MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP AND MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP.. - ROBERT FROST