Professional Documents
Culture Documents
June 2002
Introduction
Purpose of program - reduce aircraft ground damage risk by
providing best practices interventions Focused audience - corporate flight and maintenance crews Intended use - training and awareness tool Self-audit tool - gap analysis, how do we manage these risks? (tbd) Incident analysis flow chart -tool to look at human factors issues What this is not - a tool to manage FBOs Size of the problem ? Many costs uninsured, estimated at over $100 million/year in direct costs
R amp
GSE
Hang ar 0 10 20 30 40 50
deluge systems should receive periodic inspection Equipment that can move due to vibration or jet blast should be chocked or secured Aircraft log books should be stored in a secure storage system when not in use Clothing - Belt buckles covered and shoe NBAA protectors used if required. Safety Committee
Aircraft Movement
Use of at least 2
wingwalkers while moving aircraft from or into hangars along with tug operator Team completes an area risk assessment before moving aircraft Perimeter floor marking that delineates limits of aircraft placement near NBAA Safety Committee hangar walls
Floor/ramp markings
delineate best aircraft positions for entry or exit from hangars Suggested hangar staking diagrams should be provided as visual aids Overhead doors systems should have a periodic inspection process
NBAA Safety Committee
completed for aircraft movement exposures in hangar areas related to unique situations Written procedures for aircraft movement should be available in both the flight and maintenance operations manuals Employees who move aircraft receive should receive training on company procedures Safety Committee NBAA
should be completed before any tow initiates The team should complete an area risk assessment briefing before moving aircraft - all sides of aircraft perimeter visually inspected for hazards Towing equipment - tugs/lektro tugs visually inspected, brakes checked, correct tow bar verified
to aircraft type Tugs are marked as to rated maximum loads A post tow inspection should completed of aircraft For aircraft pushes, the rear area must be inspected before movement A written job hazard analysis should be completed for aircraft towing exposures
15,000lb
Aircraft Towing
Large/heavy aircraft
should require a person acting as a brake monitor during movement - in cockpit If the tow operator loses sight of wing walker, an immediate STOP should occur If there is any doubt as to having adequate space/clearance,an immediate STOP should occur NBAA Safety Committee
Aircraft Taxi
ramp for risks while taxing in Ground marshallers should provide the correct hand signals - if in doubt, stop While taxiing, the area should continually be scanned for threats such as: drain grates, narrow rows of positioned aircraft, ramp slope, blind spots,jet blast hazards, wind direction, loose chocks, vehicle movements NBAA Safety Committee
Situation/Exposure Pilots should communicate (radio) with unicom or for taxi in assistance from FBO, etc. Pilots should observe any hazards related to ground service equipment movements or positioning hazards - plan ahead for departure routes
NBAA Safety Committee
placed at wing tips and tail Potential jet exhaust blast hazards should be planned for Aircraft should be positioned to avoid wing overlap hazards Triple chocks should be placed at mains and nose gear for overnight parking Committee NBAA Safety
chocked at all ramp parking situations A ground marshler should be used to aid for taxi in and departure from parking spots Ground air stair mats should be removed before engine start NBAA Safety Committee
Yes
Have you been No trained to tow this type of aircraft? Will the aircraft be towed during times the flight crew is not available? Yes
Ask that the aircraft remain where it is or that an employee who is familiar with towing the type of aircraft be located before it is towed Request that a wing walker be present and that the perimeter of the aircraft be cleared before movement. The use of a brake monitor maybe required on heavy aircraft.
NBAA Safety Committee
Yes
Present the companys written suggested procedures for hangar movements, i.e., required wing walkers, chocks, movement speed, etc.
Are you familiar No with the fueling procedures for this aircraft? Yes
Present the companys written suggested procedures that outlines fueling methods. If time permits assign a pilot to observe fueling. As much as practical, fueling should be conducted only when a flight crewmember or employee of the aircrafts owner is present.
NBAA Safety Committee
Lear60 Ground Power Unit Event: A Lear-60 requested a GPU start assist. Upon completion of both engine starts, and proper shut down procedures of the GPU, the line service technician noticed the GPU cable plug head felt very hot to the touch during disconnect from the aircraft GPU receptacle. The crew was notified, shut down the engines, and requested a maintenance inspection of the GPU receptacle and related components. The aircraft maintenance representative discovered a lose wire on the internal bracket of the GPU receptacle located within the fuselage. .
Use of Approved Tow Bars Event: The owner of a Mitsubishi MU-2 recently requested his aircraft to be towed from a hangar utilizing the customer owned tow bar. Upon the initial tow bar inspection, it was noticed the tow bar was not equipped with manufacturer identification tags and the tow bar was bent. The line crew notified their supervisor of their findings, and the supervisor instructed the crew not to use the tow bar. The supervisor notified the pilot of the issue and requested the manufacturer labeled tow bar, designed for the aircraft be used. The pilot understood the concern and had no issue with utilizing the approved tow bar. The approved tow bar was used with no further incident.
Aircraft Towing - lektro tug Event An employee used the Lektro 8750 to tow a Cessna 425 Corsair to a hangar. After the employee captured the C-425 he installed the front gate guard on the bucket of the Lektro. The aircraft was towed to and placed in the common hangar. The operator of the Lektro unit lowered the bucket and released the winch strap prior to chocking the aircraft. The C-425 rolled backwards into the front gate guard crushing the nose wheel fender. The nose wheel fender, which covers the rear of the nose wheel, was crushed against the tire and the fender brackets were broken.
Incident
Yes
No
No
Yes
Explore Soft System Issues Procedures Training Human Factors
Yes
Explore Hard System Issues Workstation Design Tool/Equipment Design Tool/Equipment Availability
Yes
Conduct an Analysis to Determine What Drives the At-Risk Behavior
Identify and Implement Antecedents and Consequences that Support Desired Behaviors and Reduce At-Risk Behaviors