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The long molecule chains of crude oil are split (cracked) into shorter
molecule chains or are re-arranged to form new products.
Principle of a refinery
Distillation
Crackers
De-sulphurisation
Naphta Reformer
LPG units
Ready products
Principle of a refinery
and
De-sulphurisation
Naptha Reformer
Waste products
Waste gas: characteristic for all refineries are the burning flare
stacks. Here, waste gas is being burnt.
How to seal
Hydrocarbons
echanical seals - principles
Burgmann
metal bellows seals for
high temperature applications MFL85N
MFLWT80
but:
a refinery also offers low-duty applications where
standard cartridge seals
such as Cartex or Mtex are perfectly suitable.
single seal
dynamic o-ring
Double Seal
flush connection +
buffer fluid IN
multipoint injection buffer fluid OUT
p3 = p2
Consequences:
- media will accumulate in the buffer fluid
-TS vessel level will rise
- Traces of media will get contact with the atmosphere
ic seal arrangements and layouts:
Double seal – pressurised barrier fluid
product higher barrier atmospheric
pressure (p1) pressure (p3) pressure (p2)
p1 < p3 >p2 p3 = p2
Purpose: Cooling,
diluting gas ring,
preventing
vaporisation
Common applications:
Flashing
hydrocarbon
Media which tends
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Layout: Connection
port, plugged
Common applications:
where plan 11 will
cause
problems:
high temperature and
high content of solids
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Hot oil
Bitumen / tar
media with solids
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Media with poor lubricity
Harmful media
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Media with high content of solids
Dangerous Media
Media with very poor lubricity
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Media with high content of solids
Dangerous Media
Media with very poor lubricity
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Media with high content of solids
Dangerous Media
Very high pressure
cret: the most common API Plans in refineries
Common applications:
Media with high content of solids
Dangerous Media
Media with very poor lubricity
aterials for refinery seals
Seal Faces
Clean medium:
Carbon, antimony impregnated <> Silicon Carbide
(Buko 03 <> Buka 22)
Medium containing solids:
Silicon Carbide <> Silicon Carbide (Buka 22 <> Buka
22)
Construction Materials
eal selection in refineries
name,
vapour pressure,
density (spec. gravity),
viscosity,
hazards,
solids,
corrosive?
eal selection in refineries
2) Temperature
range
< - 40°C: Metal bellows seal with Graphite
secondary seals (MFLCT80)
3) Pressure
5) sliding velocity
ISO / NP 21049
is guideline
a
the
forminimum requirement
for
Shaft
Sealing Systems
for
Centrifugal
and
Rotary Pumps
usedin
petroleum
natural
,
gas and chemical industry
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 - General
Category 1
For non-
ISO 13709SealChambers
Temperatures from
-40 °C (-40 °F) to 260 °C (500 °F)
AbsolutePressures
up to 22 bar (315
psi)
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal categories
Category 2
For
ISO 13709SealChambers
(Table 1 only)
Temperatures from
-40 °C (-40 °F)
400to °C (750 °F)
AbsolutePressuresup to
42 bar (615
psi)
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal categories
Category 3
Must meet
specification
full (incl. documentation)
For
ISO 13709SealChambers
(Table 1 only)
Temperatures from
-40 °C (-40 °F)
400to°C (750 °F)
AbsolutePressuresup to
42 bar (615
psi)
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal types
Type A
• Balanced
internally
• - - mounted
•cartridge
• pusher
m
• ultiple springs
• flexible
element rotating
secondary
• sealing by elastomer o-rings
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal types
Type B
• Balanced
•
internally- mounted
•cartridge
• non-pushermetal
( )
bellows
• flexible
element rotating
secondary
• sealing by elastomer
o-rings
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal types
Type C
• Balanced
internally
• - mounted
•cartridge
• non-pusher metal
( )
bellows
• flexible
element stationary
secondary
• sealingflexible
by graphite
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Seal arrangements
• Containment Seals
(contacting or non-contacting, CS)
Scope
ISO / NP 21049 – Sealing methods
• Face-to-Back
(arr.2 default selection & arr. 3 wet seals)
• Back-to-Back
(arr. 3 default for gas seals; option for wet seals)
• Face-to-Face
(arr.3 optional selection for wet or gas seals)
ISO / NP 21049 – design requirements
Materials
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
Mech. Seal Face Carbon Carbon Carbon
Mating Ring SSSiC RBSiC RBSiC
(Buka 22) (Buka 20) (Buka 20)
Hard / Hard SSSiC/ RBSiC/ RBSiC/
SSSiC RB SiC RBSiC
Secondary elements Fluoroelastomer
Perfluoroelastomer
(altern.: TFE, Nitrile ..)
Flexible graphite
Springs Alloy C-276 or Alloy C-4
(single: SS 316 or 1.4571)
Bellows Alloy C.276 (Type B)
Alloy 718 (Type C)
Sleeves SS 316 or 1.4571
Housing SS 316 or 1.4571
BURGMANN Mechanical Seal Type
Pressure0... 42 bara /
580psia
Temperature
: -40°C .. +180°C/
-40° F.. +350°F
Speed: 20 m / 65,6ft . per
second
BURGMANN Mechanical Seal Type
Temperature
: -40
°C / +180°C
-40°F /+350°F
Speed
: 20 m/ 65,6 .ftper sec.
BURGMANN Mechanical Seal Type
Temperature
: -40
°C .. +180°C
-40°F..+ 350°F
Speed: 20m/s
65,6 ft
. per sec
BURGMANN Mechanical Seal Type
Pressure: 0...25bara/
362,5psia
Temperature
: -20°C / +400°C
-4°F / 752°F
MFL
MFL
Design of a MFL-seal
While common pusher-seals are built-up
by a large number of single parts, the
MFL-Seal contains only very few
components:
Bellows unit stationary seat
sec. seal
Bellows unit
Stationary seat
Secondary seals
Bellows - Types
Cross-section of a Burgmann
membrane bellows
MFL
Balanced at Internal & External Pressurization
AH Dual Operation
A internally pressurized
p3 > p1
d Hi
AH Tandem or single
operation
A
externally pressurized
d Ha
p3 < p1
The MFL tandem dual seal is either used with pressurized barrier
fluid or with unpressurized buffer fluid
The seal remains closed even if barrier pressure breaks down
Advantage: max. operational reliability is provided in case barrier
pressure break down is not discovered at once
MFL Seal Classification
MFL Seals
MFL85N
MFLS (low temperature)
MFLWT80S MFL65
MTEX
MFL Seal Types
MFLW(T)80
Operating Limits:
MFL85N/dw-00
MFL85N/dw-G16
MFL85N4/dw-00
MFL85N/dw-G82
MFL85N/dw-G320
MFL85N/dw-G60
MFL85N/dw-GX
MTEX - Cartridge Concept
MTEX
MTEX - Cartridge Concept
MTEX - SO x
x Single seal
Balanced
Independent of direction
of rotation
Cover without supply
connections ("dead-end")
Sturdy design
Burgmann Total Seal Care Program – Middle East
References