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The two approaches produce same results, proved by Doubeches. Filter bank approach is preferable in signal processing literatures
Wavelet Transforms
2 Y'0( z) 2 Y'1( z)
X (z )
H 1(z )
Y (z )
|H0(w)|, |G0(w)|
|H1(w)|, |G1(w)|
Practical Filter
d k( 0 )
( sk 0 ) (1) k
Splitting
Predicting Updating
d s
(1) k
Transmitting
( sk1)
d k(1) s
(0) k (0) k
Update stage
S(z) split
S'(z)
Low band signal
X(z)
P(z) D(z)
U(z)
High band signal
D'(z)
Prediction stage
S(z) combine
D(z)
X(z)
D'(z)
Four Basic Stages A spatial domain construction of biorthogonal wavelets, consists of the following four basic operations:
si-2(k-1)
si-1(k-1)
si+2(k-1)
si+3(k-1)
...
di-2(k)
...
di+2(k) di+3(k)
di+1(k) u1(k)
...
si-2(k-1)
u1(k) si-1(k-1)
u0(k)
u0(k) si(k-1)
...
si+2(k-1) si+3(k-1)
si+1(k-1)
xi-1 xi-3
xp xi+1
xi+3
-3
-1
xi+2
-3
xi-2
-1
xi+2
Example
xi2
xi1
xi
xi1
xi2
xi3
xi4
split predict
p0
d k 1
p0
p0
dk
p0
u0
u0 sk
Example
We have p0 = 1/2 by linear interpolation and the detailed coefficient are given by
1 d k xi 1 ( xi xi 2 ) 2
In the update stage, we first assure that the average of the signal be preserved
sk
k
1 xi 2 i
s x
k k i
2 A d k (1 2 A) xi 2 A xi 1
k i i
From this, we get A=1/4 as the correct choice to maintain the average.
Example The coefficients of the corresponding high pass filter are {h1} = {-1,2,-1} The coefficients of the corresponding low pass filter are {h0} = {-1,2,6,2,-1} So, the (2,2) lifting scheme is equal to the 5/3 wavelet.
Example
Conclusions
The lifting scheme is an alternative method of computing the wavelet coefficients Advantages of the lifting scheme:
Requires less computation and less memory. Easily produces integer-to-integer wavelet transforms for lossless compression. Linear, nonlinear, and adaptive wavelet transform is feasible, and the resulting transform is invertible and reversible.