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The Development Of Elements Periodic Table

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The Development of Elements Periodic Table

Metal and Non Metal Dobereiners Periodic Table
John Newlands Periodic Table Mendeleyevs Periodic Table Modern Periodic Table

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METAL
More than 70% elements in the world are metal. Metal Characteristics: 1) Good electrical conductor 2) Good thermal conductor 3) Shiny metal surface 4) able to be forged to be a very thin plate 5) able to be widen apart when being pulled

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NonMetal
Most

of non-metal elements are in its form compound. The non-metal groups has opposed properties with metal group. Eg: Carbon, sulphur, Oksigen, hidrogen

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Metal and Non Metal characteristics

Metal High Dencity Not Brittle conductor Shiny Non Metal Low dencity Brittle isolator Not Shiny

The oxide is base

The oxide is acid

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Metaloid
It is also called semimetal, that is element which has properties between metal and non-metal properties. Such as: Boron, Silicon, Arsen, Germanium

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Triade Dobereiners Law

Each three elements with similar characteristics composed based on atomic mass increase, the mass of second element always approaches average mass of the first and the third elements.
Contoh : Li Na K 6,94 23,02 39,10 Ar of the middle element according to Triade: 6, 94 + 39,10 = 23,02 2
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Oktaf Newlands Law

John Newlands found the relationship between elements properties and mass number

Element properties will be repeated after every eight elements (octave law) It means that the 1st element will have similar properties with the 8th element
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Unsur H Li Be B C N O

No. Atom 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Unsur F Na Mg Al Si P S

No. Atom 8 9 10 11 12 131 14

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Unsur Cl K Ca Sr Ti Mn Fe

No. Atom 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
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Mendeleyefs Periodic Table

in 1869 Mendeleyef composed elements based on the increasing of relative atomic mass and its properties Mendeleyef periodic law:

Element properties is periodic function from its relative atomic mass

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Change properties regularly from elements in one group to other group

The relation between highest valence of element with its group number

SPU Mendeleyev Prediction of element properties that hadnt been known at that time List doesnt change althought noble gas elements have been founded
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MODERN Periodic Table

arranged based on the increasing atomic number or based on electron configuration from elements atomic. Elements with similar electron configuration have similar chemical properties. Element properties is fungsi berkala dari nomor atom The relation Element properties based on electron configuration
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between element properties and electron configurationn

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Groups is Elements that placed in vertical column. Period is Elements that place in Horisontal row.
Main Group
Transitio n Group Group IA to VIII A Group I B to VIII B

Modern Periodic Table

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Group
Group Number IA II A III A IV A VA VI A VII A VIII A Group Name Alkali Earth Alkali Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oksigen Halogen Gas Mulia

Numbering group based on electron valence that having by element

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Periode
Periode
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Elements number 2 8 8 18 18 32 32 (havent completed)

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Atomic Number 1-2 3-10 1-18 19-36 37-54 55-86 87-118

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Contoh 15P= 2. 8. 5 Valence Electron = 5 Sub Shell =3 group V A Period 3

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Atomic Size
Size goes UP on going down a group. Because electrons are added farther from the nucleus, there is less attraction. Size goes DOWN on going across a period.

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Atomic Radii

Figure 8.9
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Trends in Atomic Size

See Figures 8.9 & 8.10
Radius (pm)
250

K
200

3rd period 2nd period Li Na

1st transition series

150

Kr
100

Ar Ne
50

He
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Atomic Number
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Ion Sizes
Li,152 pm 3e and 3p

Does the size go + up+or down when Li , 60 pm losing 3 p electron 2e and an to form a cation?

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Ion Sizes
+
Li,152 pm 3e and 3p Li + , 78 pm 2e and 3 p

Forming a cation.

CATIONS are SMALLER than the atoms from which they come. The electron/proton attraction has gone UP and so size DECREASES.

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Ion Sizes
Does the size go up or down when gaining an electron to form an anion?

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Ion Sizes
F, 71 pm 9e and 9p

F- , 133 pm 10 e and 9 p

Forming an anion.

ANIONS are LARGER than the atoms from which they come. The electron/proton attraction has gone DOWN and so size INCREASES. Trends in ion sizes are the same as atom sizes.
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Figure 8.13
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