CEMENT

CEMENT
Cement is manufactured from Calcareous Argillaceous & siliceous materials. These are finely ground & heated to a temperature of 1300 to 1600 deg c in a rotary kiln. Heating causes them to fuse to form clinker. The clinker is finely ground to form Portland cement.

COMPONENTS OF CEMENT.
CALCIUM OXIDE - CaO
(60 T0 65%) SILICA - SiO2 (20 TO 25%) ALUMINA - Al2O3 ( 5 TO 8%) MAGNESIA - MgO ( 2 TO 4%)

COMPOSITION OF CEMENT
BOGUE COMPOSITION Tri-Calcium Silicate - 3CaO.SiO2 (C3S) Di-Calcium Silicate 2CaO.SiO2 (C2S) Tri-Calcium Aluminate 3Ca.Al2O3 (C3A) Tetra-Calcium Ferro Aluminate 4CaO.Fe2O3.Al2O3 (C4AF) Free Lime CaO, Magnesia MgO

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Following are the chemical requirements of ordinary cement as per BIS:269-1975
The ratio of % of alumina to that of iron oxide: this ratio should not be less than 0.66. The total loss on ignition: this should not be greater than 4%. Total sulphur contain : this should not be greater than 2.75%.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
The ratio % of lime to those of alumina, iron oxide & silica: this ratio is known as the lime saturation factor (LSF) IT should not be less than 0.66 & should not be greater than 1.02. FORMULA: CaO0.7SO3/2.8SiO2+1.2Al2O3+0.65Fe2O3

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Weight of insoluble residue: this should not be greater than 1.50% Weight of magnesia: this should not exceed 5%

TYPES OF CEMENT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ACID RESISTANT CEMENT BLAST FURNANCE CEMENT COLOURED CEMENT EXPANDING CEMENT HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT HYDROPHOBIC CEMENT LOW HEAT CEMENT POZZUOLANA CEMENT QUICK SETTING CEMENT RAPID HARDENING CEMENT SULPHATE RESISTANT CEMENT WHITE CEMENT

GRADES OF CEMENT

Acid Resistant Cement

COMPOSITION:
Acid resistant aggregates such as quartz, quartzites, etc. Additives such as sodium fluosillicate accelerates hardening. Aqueous solution of sodium sillicate or soluble glass acts as binding material.

Uses
Said for acid resistant and heat resistant coating of installations of chemical industry

Acid Resistant Cement

STRENGTH: It is not H2O resistant. it fails when attacked by H2O or weak acids. Adding 0.5% of linseed oils or 2% of cement, its resistance to H2O is increased.

Blast Furnace Cement

COMPOSITION:
Manufactured from slag obtained from blast furnace. Contains basic elements of cement as alumina, lime & silica.

STRENGTH: Durable but not suitable in dry arid zones. DRAWBACK:

Its not suitable for use in dry-arid zones.

COLOURED CEMENT
COMPOSITION:
Obtained by intimately mixing minerals pigment with ordinary cement Amount of colouring material vary from 5 to 10 % If exceeds 10% ,the strength of cement is affected .

COLOURED CEMENT
USES:
Finishing of floors External surfaces Artificial marble Window sill slab Textured panel faces Stair treads

EXPANDING CEMENT
Produced by adding sulpho aluminate and ordinary cement USES: Construction of water retaining structures Repairing the damaged concrete surfaces

HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT

COMPOSITION: Produced by grinding clinkers formed by calcining bauxite and lime Also known as trade namesCement fondu in ENGLAND Lumnite in AMERICA ADVANTAGES: Can stand higher temperatures Resist the action of acids in a better way Evolves great heat during setting,therefore not affected by frost DISADVANTAGES: Cannot be used in mass construction as it evolves great heat and sets soon It is costly

HYDROPHOBIC CEMENT
COMPOSITION: Contains admixtures which decrease the wetting ability of cement grains USUAL ADMIXTURE ARE: Acidol Naphthenesoap Oxidised petroleum These substances form a thin film around cement grains

Low Heat Cement

COMPOSITION: Tricalcium aluminate- 5% Dicalcium silicate- 46%
STRENGTH: Less compressive strength. Considerable heat is produced during the setting action.

Pozzuolana Cement
COMPOSITION: Composed of Volcanic powder. Can also be processed from shales & certain types clays. STRENGTH: High tensile strength. Gains compressive strength with time.

Pozzuolana Cement
Advantages 1. It attains compressive strength with age. 2. It can resist action of sulphates.

Quick Setting Cement

COMPOSITION: Produced by adding small % of Al2SO4 & by finely grinding cement. STRENGTH: high compressive strength. USES: This cement is used to lay concrete under static water or running water.

Quick Setting Cement

PRECAUTIONS: The excessive care is to be taken when this cement is used as mixing and placing of cement are to be completed in a very short period. The setting action of cement start within 5 min after addition of water It became hard like stone in less than 30 min and so

USES OF CEMENT
Cement mortar for masonry work, plaster , pointing etc. Concrete for laying floors , roofs , and constructing lintels , beams , weather sheds , stairs , pillars etc. Construction of important Engineering structures such as bridges , culverts , dams , etc Making joint for drains , pipes etc