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Respiration
A vital living process carried out by all living organisms. Living organisms require energy for various activities and living processes.
Absorption of digested food through active transport Active transport of biochemical substances Maintaining the body temperature (in warm-blooded animals) Synthesis of lipids, hormones, proteins and enzymes.
External Respiration
Breathing A mechanical process that maintains continuous exchange of gases between the respiratory surfaces of an organism and its environment
Internal Respiration
Cellular respiration The biochemical process in which energy is made available to all living cells. This process involves the oxidation of organic molecules to release the chemical energy stored within these molecules.
Glucose
Aerobic respiration
Involves the oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+ 6H2O+ 2898kJ
Glucose oxygen carbon water dioxide energy
Releases all the available energy stored within the glucose molecules.
ATP
ATP is an direct source of energy and the main energy supply for all living cells. A large portion of energy is used to synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. ADP + phosphate + energy ATP
Each ATP molecule consists of 3 phosphate groups and the phosphate bonds can be easily broken down to release energy. ATP ADP + phosphate + energy
Muscle cells undergo a different type of respiration- anaerobic respiration, in which muscle cells continue to generate energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen.
Initially, during vigorous exercise, the muscles respire aerobically.
Soon, the muscles use up all the available oxygen. The blood cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet their requirements. The muscles are in a state of oxygen deficiency, and an oxygen debt is incurred. the muscles obtain the extra energy from anaerobic respiration.
During anaerobic respiration, the glucose molecules break down partially into lactic acid, instead of carbon dioxide. C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + 150 kJ
glucose lactic acid energy
Because glucose is not completely broken down, the energy released is much less than the energy during aerobic respiration.
For every molecule of glucose, anaerobic respiration releases only 2 molecules of ATP /150kJ.
C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + 150 kJ
glucose lactic acid energy
enough
to
cause
muscle
cramps
Question:
Is there any commercial value of the end product of fermentation Ethanol produced during fermentation can be used in wine and beer making.
Products of Respiration
2 molecules of ATP
In all organisms:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+ 6H2O+ 2898kJ
Chemical Equation
Small amount: 1) 210kJ (during fermentation) 2) 150kJ(during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells) In muscle cells:
C 6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + 150 kJ
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm