INGLS II INGLS II Gua de Trabajo Gua de Trabajo Prctico Prctico Corte N 2 Corte N 2

Integrantes:

LA COMPARACIN LA COMPARACIN EN INGLS EN INGLS

NDICE
La comparacin de igualdad La comparacin de superioridad La comparacin de inferioridad Actividades . Conjunciones Actividades

Vamos a diferenciar tres grandes apartados en esta presentacin:

La comparacin de igualdad La comparacin de superioridad, dentro de la cual distinguiremos:
Comparativos Superlativos

La comparacin de inferioridad, tambin con:

Comparativos Superlativos

LA COMPARACIN DE IGUALDAD
Cuando queremos comparar dos elementos (personas, animales o cosas) en espaol, utilizamos la expresin tan como :
Tan alta como la luna

En ingls, la expresin equivalente es as as :

As tall as the moon

Por supuesto, podemos utilizar una oracin negativa para expresar que algo o alguien no es tan como :
Mi casa no es tan moderna como la tuya

My house is not as modern as yours

LA COMPARACIN DE SUPERIORIDAD
Como dijimos antes, dentro de este apartado vamos a diferenciar dos conceptos:
COMPARATIVOS SUPERLATIVOS

Con los comparativos, lo que queremos expresar es que algo o alguien es ms que , es decir, comparamos un elemento con otro:
Tu casa es ms moderna que la ma

Por su parte, con los superlativos expresamos que algo o alguien es el/la ms de un grupo (la clase, tu familia, el mundo, ):
Tu casa es la ms moderna del pueblo

Pues bien, ahora vamos a ver cmo se forman y se utilizan los comparativos y los superlativos en ingls. Hay dos maneras de formarlos: una, aadiendo al adjetivo -er o -est, y otra, poniendo more o most delante del adjetivo. De qu depende que utilicemos una u otra? Pues muy fcil, de lo grande que sea el adjetivo, o dicho de otra forma, del nmero de slabas que tenga.

Adjetivos con 1 slaba

Comparativo

Adjetivos con 2 slabas que terminen en y

thinner

taller Superlativo

-er

than

happier

the -est
nicest fastest easiest

Adjetivos con 2 slabas que no terminen en -y

Comparativo

Adjetivos con 3 o ms slabas

more common Superlativo

more than the most

more interesting

most boring

most comfortable

Como habrs observado, los comparativos, se hagan de la forma que se hagan, siempre o casi siempre- van seguidos de than (el que comparativo en espaol), mientras que los superlativos van siempre precedidos por the (el/la en espaol).

Today is cloudier than yesterday Fuerteventura is bigger than Lanzarote Squash is the most tiring sport Ive ever practised Are you going to buy the most expensive trainers in the shop?

Para los adjetivos a los que se aade er o est existen unas reglas de ortografa:
Cuando el adjetivo termina en e, slo se le aade r o st: nice nicer blondest Cuando el adjetivo termina en consonante, y delante hay una sola vocal escrita, se dobla la consonante: fitter slimmest Y como ya hemos visto, cuando el adjetivo termina en y, sta se cambia por i y se aade er o -est: shier shy easiest easy

Para terminar este apartado, debes saber que hay tres adjetivos irregulares, es decir, cuyas formas de comparativo y superlativo no se construyen segn las reglas que acabamos de estudiar. stos son:
Good Bad Far better worse best worst

further/farthest furthest/farthest

LA COMPARACIN DE INFERIORIDAD
Buenas noticias: la comparacin de inferioridad es mucho ms fcil que la de superioridad, porque todos los adjetivos, independientemente del nmero de slabas que tengan, la hacen de la misma forma. Estudia el siguiente esquema.

Todos los adjetivos

Comparativo less tall Superlativo the least nice

less than
less happy

less comprehensive

the least
the least rainy the least easy-going
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Exercises 1.- Completa con la forma comparativa o superlativa del adjetivo escrito entre parntesis. This computer is (new)___________________ than your computer. Lisa is (old) __________________than George. George is (young) _______________ than Lisa. That car is (expensive)_____________________ than this car. That car is (expensive)________________________ in the market. Your car is (fast)____________ than this car. Your car is (fast) ______________in the race. This house is (big) _______________ in the neighbourhood.

n d

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2.- Elige la forma correcta para las siguientes oraciones (comparative or superlative): 1) My English teacher is .......... (friendly) than my history teacher. 2) This medicine works .......... (good) than the one I took last week. 3) Who is the .......... (good) soccer player in the world? 4) Moscow is .......... (far) than London. 5) Which country is .......... (big): Mexico or Costa Rica? 6+) Aconcagua is the .......... (high) mountain in South America. 7) A Ferrari is .......... (fast) than a Maserati. 8) Mick Jagger is .......... (famous) than Steven Tyler. 9)This exercise was .......... (easy) than the previous one.

3.- Marca la opcin correcta para cada una de los siguientes oraciones 1.- What is the comparative of "sad"? sader sadder sadier saddier 2.- What is the superlative of "soft"? softest softiest softtest most soft 3.- What is the comparative of "heat"? heater heatter heatier hetter none of these 4.- What is the superlative of "ugly"? uglier uggliest uglyest ugliest

5.- What is the superlative of "deep"? deeper deepper deepest deeppest 6.- What is the superlative of "small"? smallier smaller smalliest smallest 7.- What is the comparative of "lively"? livelyer more livelyer livelier more livelier 8.- What is the comparative of "hot"? hoter hotter hotest hottest

. 4.- Completa con la forma comparativa o superlativa del adjetivo escrito entre parntesis 1. Joe is __________ than Ed. (short) 2. Al is the_________ (short) 3. Ed is the _________(thin) 4. Joe is ______________ than Al. (thin) 5. Al has the__________________ clothes. (colourful) 6. Al is _____________ than Joe. (heavy) 7. Ed is the__________ (light) 8. Joe is__________________ than Ed. (happy)

5.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con el adjetivo de comparacion as......as 1.- John is (tall)___________ Glen. 2.- Janet is (beautiful)____________ Jeniffer. 3.- You are (crazy)______________ my sister. 4.- We can run (fast)_____________ they can. 5. My mom is (not / strict)______________ your mum 6.- Your mobile phone is (not / trendy)____________ mine. 7.- Matrix II was (not / interesting) _______________ Matrix I. 8.- This yoghurt (not / taste / good) ____________________ the one I bought yesterday.

LAS CONJUNCIONES LAS CONJUNCIONES Y EXPRESIONES Y EXPRESIONES CAUSA - EFECTO CAUSA - EFECTO

CAUSEEFFECT WHY-PORQU(INTERROGATIVO) BECAUSE-PORQUE(EXPLICATIVO,AFIRMATIVOONEGATIVO) IN SPITE OF -APESARDE UNLESS-AMENOSQUE THOUGH -AUNQUE ALTHOUGH-AUNCUANDO BUT-PERO,SINO SO AS TO -AFINDE SO THAT -PARA,AFINDEQUE IN ORDER TO -PARA BECAUSE OF -POR,ACAUSADE HOWEVER-SINEMBARGO SO-PORLOQUE,ASIQUE

NOW HERE YOU HAVE SOME EXAMPLES : WHY ARE YOU REPAIRING THAT MACHINE ? BECAUSE IT IS MY JOB. THE COMPANY IS WORKING ALL WEEK LONG , BUT TOMORROW WE WILL HAVE A FREE DAY. MANY TIMES COMPUTERS HELP MEN TO DO THINGS FASTER, HOWEVER WE MUST NOT DEPEND OF THEM. MY CLASSMATES WILL GO TO THE CHATROOM TONIGHT ,UNLESS IT RAINS AS YESTERDAY NOTE QUE LOS CONECTORES CONTRASTAN DOS ORACIONES SIMPLES PARA FORMAR UNA ORACION COMPLEJA, RESULTANDO LA MAYORIA DE LAS VECES QUE LA PRIMERA ES LA CAUSA Y LA SEGUNDA ES EL EFECTO.

Lets Practice Coordinating Conjunctions

Type in all of your answers using the word list below

and but or so 1. Peter was cold, ___________he put on a coat. 2. Maria tried to read a novel in French, __________it was too difficult. 3. To get from Vancouver to Victoria, ___________ you can fly,you can ride the ferry. 4. I bought a bottle of wine,____________we drank it together. 5. The waiter was not very nice,____________the food was delicious. 6. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD,__________the shop didn't have it. 7. Anna needed some money,___________she took a part-time job. 8. There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino,__________maybe it's just coincidence. 9. Julie has a guitar,____________she plays it really well. 10. The concert was cancelled, ___________we went to a nightclub instead.

Lets Practice Subordinating Conjunctions

Choose the best conjunction for each sentence.

a.Paulagotthejob________shehadnoexperience. 1.as 2.eventhough b.________mywifelikestotravelabroad,Iprefertostayathomeformyvacations. 1.Since 2.Whereas c.Juncouldn'tbuyanyChristmaspresents________hedidn'thaveanymoney. 1.eventhough 2.because d.________itwasraining,Ididn'tgetwet. 1.Because 2.Although f.________MeiLidoesn'tspeakEnglish,shecan'tgotouniversityinCanada. 1.Whereas 2.Since g.willbelatetoday________mycarhasbrokendown. 1.because 2.though h.Idon'tdrinkcoffee________itmakesmenervous. 1.although 2.as i.Jerrypassedtheexamfirsttime________Ihadtoretakeitthreetimes. 1.as 2.while

If you finished your If you finished your exercices exercices

Lets check them with your professor