Chapter 2

Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions

Mosby items and derived items 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 1

Chapter 2

Lesson 2.1

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 2

Learning Objectives
Identify five basic principles of drug action Explain nursing assessments necessary to
evaluate potential problems associated with the absorption of medications Describe nursing interventions that can enhance drug absorption

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Learning Objectives (contd)

List three categories of drug administration,
and state the routes of administration for each category Differentiate between general and selective types of drug distribution mechanisms Name the process that inactivates drugs

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Learning Objectives (contd)

Identify the meaning and significance to the

nurse of the term half-life when used in relation to drug therapy

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions

Basic principles
A strong understanding of the human bodys

processes are important to grasp drug actions and drug interactions in the body

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions (contd)

Examples:
Antagonistbeta blockers Agonistepinephrine Partial agonistpentazocine

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Drug Stages After Administration

Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Half-life of Drugs
Factors modifying the
quantity of drug reaching a site of action after a single oral dose

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Chapter 2

Lesson 2.2

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Learning Objectives
Compare and contrast the following terms
used in relationship to medications: desired action, side effects, adverse effects, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions List factors that cause variations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs State the mechanisms by which drug interactions may occur

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions

Desired effect: when a drug enters a patient,
is absorbed and distributed, and produces the expected response Adverse effect: Any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy (World Health Organization)

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions (contd)

Drug interaction
Drug interactions represent 3% to 6% of

preventable in-hospital adverse drug reaction cases Drug interactions are a major component of the number of hospital emergency department visits and admissions

Copyright 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

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