Brain Drain

PRESENTER : KUSHAL THAKKAR

Brain Drain

Human capital flight, more commonly referred to as "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of a large

group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge.

The reasons for Brain Drain usually include two aspects

Countries

Individuals

Brain Drain by Region

Europe
: Western European to United Status & Eastern & South Eastern Europe into Western European.

In 2010, over 350,000 Europeans emigrated to

the United States (164,285), Australia (40,455), Canada (37,946) and New Zealand(30,262). Germany alone saw 255,290 people leave the country

Brain Drain by Region

Africa : "Brain drain has cost the African
continent over $4 billion in the employment of 150,000.
Ethiopia 55% in 2009, Nigeria, Ghana 28

% 2010, Kenya.

Africarecruit

Brain Drain by Region

Iraq
Outflow began under Saddam Hussein regime, 4 million estimated to have left until 2010. And later the invasion of US.

Iran : In 2006, the IMF ranked Iran highest in brain drain

among 90 measured countries. The estimated exodus of 180,000 people per year is thought to be due to a poor job market, and tense domestic social conditions.

India : Estimates show that INDIA loses $2 billion a year

because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S. Indian students going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually.

Brain Drain by Region

China : Chinese earning more than 120,000
Yuan ($17,650) a year want to immigrate.
China

became the biggest worldwide contributor of emigrants in 2007. According to the official Chinese media, 65,000 Chinese last year secured immigration or permanent resident status in the United States, 25,000 in Canada and 15,000 in Australia

Brain Drain by Region

New Zealand : During the 1990s, 30,000
New Zealanders were emigrating each year. An OECD report released in 2005 revealed that 24.2% of New Zealanders with a tertiary education were living outside of New Zealand, predominantly in Australia. In 2009, around 34,000 New Zealanders settled in Australia.

Related Phenomena
Brain Gain : An opposite situation, in which
many trained and talented individuals seek entrance into a country, is called a brain gain; this may create a brain drain in the nations that the individuals are leaving. the annual cap on the number of temporary work visas granted to highly skilled professionals under its H1B Visa program, from 115,000 to 195,000 per year, effective through 2003. That suggests a rough figure for the influx of talent into the United States at that time.

In 2000, the US Congress announced it was raising

Related Phenomena
Brain circulation
: In general most developing countries suffer brain drain because emigrant intellectuals refuse to return. Some migrants do return to their home countries or become transnational with homes in different countries.

Brain waste

: Sometimes migrants to other countries or urban areas are not able to obtain employment commensurate with their educational qualifications. This is called brain waste.

Reverse Brain Drain

Reverse brain drain , which refers to the

migration issue, whereby human capital moves in reverse from a more developed country to a less developed country that is developing rapidly, which is commonly defined as brain drain.

3 methods of implementing and enhancing reverse brain drain

Governments retaining their students.

Encouraging students to pursue tertiary studies abroad and promoting them to return.

Engaging with the diasporas.

Several countries that are prime examples of these three methods - and several other methods

1. China 2. India 3. Pakistan 4. South Korea 5. Taiwan 6. Mexico 7. Africa

Reverse Brain Drain - Patna

Sumit Prakash & Smitha Chaudhary

Business Managers Sydney.

Anjay Thakur Commercial Pilot California. Bibhuti Bikramaditya Project manager

South Korea.

 Thank You!!!!!