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Atom Atom is the smallest part of element John Dalton Theory 1. Each elements consist a small particles which is called atom 2. Atoms of each element have a same of characteristic, size and mass 3. Compound is a substance that consist of more than one atom.
4. Chemical reaction is not change the characteristic of atom, but only change the composition only.
Rutherford Theory Mass of atom center in nucleus, which have a positive charge
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Nucleus
Niels Bohr Theory Atom have a central nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. And electrons move around the nucleus.
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THE INVENTOR
J.J Thomson, 1897 -----> electron Ernest Rutherford, 1911 ----> proton James Chadwick, 1932 ----> neutron
+
+
-
Electron symbol
Proton symbol Neutron symbol
(e)
(p) (n)
Mass 1 1 0
Charge +1 0 -1
1 2 3
Catatan : Massa adalah dalam satuan massa atom (sma) Massa elektron sangat kecil, sehing ga massanya = 0 sma
Mass number shows the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.
23
Na
11
35
Cl
17
Configuration of Electron
Skin 1 (2 electron)
Skin 2 (8 electron)
electron 11.
electron 17.
Theory of Ion
Electron outside leave atom
+
-
+
-
Skin 1 Skin 2 2e 8e
Skin 3 1e
11p
2e
8e
Skin1
2e
Skin 2 8e
Skin 3 7e
2e 8e
Outside orbit of electron catch electron from other, so that formed of ion Cl
Molecule of element
Molecule of Compound
Monoatomic Element ( He, S, Fe, Ca, dll) Element Molecule Diatomic Element (O2, N2, H2, dll) Poliatomic Element (O3, P4 Diatomic Compound Compound (NaCl, HCl, KCl, HBr, dll) Poliatomic Compound (H2SO4, NaOH,C6H12O6)
He
2
and
2
He
Isobar
Isobar have different atomic number but the same mass number. Example :
14
14
C
6
and
7
Isoton
Isoton have different both atomic number and mass number but the same amount of neutrons. Example :
13 6
14
and