REFLEX

ACTION

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DONE BY d.Deepika Princess

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There are two types of actions that we do

Voluntary actions Involuntary actions

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VOLUNTARY ACTIONS
THE ACTIONS THAT WE DO

VOLUNTARY WANTEDLY.

THE ACTIONS WHICH WE DO THE ACTIONS WHICH WE DO WITH OUR

CONSCIOUS.

THE ACTIONS WHICH WE DO AFTER

ANNALYSING.

WHAT ARE THOSE ACTIONS?

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etc are the voluntary action.. Most of the things which we all do with our conscious

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Then can you guess what will be the Involuntary actions????

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INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS
THE ACTIONS THAT WE DO WITHOUT

OUR CONSCIOUS
THE ACTION WHICH OUR BODY DOES

WITH OUT OUR THOUGHT.

THESE ARE LIKE,,..Winking of eyes,

heart beat, breathing, blood pressure, yawning etc..

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What is Reflex action?

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Reflex action is defined as a reflection of a feeling or sensation translated into action or movement. Click icon to add picture THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF RESPONSE TO A PERIPHERAL NERVOUS STIMULATION, THAT OCCURS INVOLUNTARILY ,THAT IS, WITHOUT CONSCIOUS OR THOUGHT AND REQUIRES THE INVOLVMENT OF A PART OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CALLED REFLEX ACTION

involuntary action but all involuntary actions are not reflex actions heart beat is an involuntary action but it is not reflex action.

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What is Reflex arc?

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REFLEX ARC
Nerve pathways that require only a

few neurons are called reflex arcs.

Reflex arcs are the structural and

functional basis for involuntary action called reflexes

The reflex arc consists of a receptor,

the afferent limb, the

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PARTS OF REFLEX ARC

The Reflex arc consist of the following

structural components:
Receptors Sensory neurons Inter nerons Motor neurons effectors
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REFLEX ARC IN GENERAL

RECEPTORS: Sense specific type of

internal and external change

SENSORY NERVES: sends information

to the interneuron's present in the CNS.

INTER NEURONS: They communicate

with the motor neurons whose fiber pass outward from CNS.
EFFECTOR: responds to stimulation of
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Types of Reflex Action

The Reflex action is classified into two

types:
They are
SIMPLE REFLEXES

WITHDRAWAL REFLEXES
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SIMPLE REFLEXES
* A simple reflex is an automatic

response to a stimulus.
* It does not involve any thought, but

simply is an involuntary action.

* Humans and animals use simple

reflexes to escape from danger as well as in some basic survival situations.

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* The interesting thing about a

simple reflex is that there are only three kinds of nerve cells that are involved: the sensory nerve cell, intermediate nerve cell, and motor nerve cell.
* Thebrain only becomes aware

of the response after it occurs.

* In the case of the patellar test,

the brain is only aware that the lower leg kicked upward, after the action was complete 4/21/12

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Knee jerk reflex

The reflex pathway comprises at least

one afferent neuron (receptor) and one efferent (effector) neuron appropriately arranged in a series.
The afferent neron receives signal

from a sensory organ and transmits the impulse via a dorsal nerve root into the CNS(at the level of spinal cord).
The efferent neuron then carries 4/21/12

The stimulas and response thus forms

a reflex arc.
In this way a reflex arc is responsible

for the movement of the muscles against the stimulas(here hammer).

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Withdrawal reflexes
Thewithdrawal reflex is a

spinal reflexintended to protect the body from damaging stimuli

A reflex that you have no control

over that withdraws a limb from a painful or otherwise unpleasant situation, for example touching a hotplate.
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Moving of hand from hot objects.

A classic example is when a person touches

something hot and withdraws their hand from the hot object without thinking about it. danger receptorsin the skin, triggering a sensory impulse that travels to the central nervous system.

The heat stimulatestemperatureand

The sensory neuron thensynapseswith

interneuronsthat connect to motorneurons.

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 Some of these send motor

impulses to theflexorsto allow withdrawal; some motor neurons send inhibitory impulses to the extensors soflexionis not inhibited - this is referred to as reciprocal innervation.
While all of this occurs, other

interneuron's relay the sensory information up to thebrainso 4/21/12

HOPE U UNDERSTOOD
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THANK YOU
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