Submitted by: Rajat Garg C08541 EECE, 7th sem

TOPICS TO BE COVERED

Introduction History Components and Specifications Technical Overview Advantages Over Traditional Speaker System Applications Future Scope

INTRODUCTION
Ultra-directional sound technology creates literal beams of sounds. Highly focused and directive beams of sound similar to light beams coming out of a flashlight.

Basic Idea
f1 Non-Linear Device (Air) f2 f1 f2 f1 - f2 f1 + f2

Ex: An ultrasonic signal at 200kHz and another one at 201kHz will generate a 1kHz tone and a 401kHz signal which is inaudible to the human ear.

Basic Idea (Contd)

If an AM signal with a non-zero carrier amplitude is passed through Air, it is self-demodulated

Carrier 0

-f0

f0

HISTORY

The technique has its origins from under water sonar, dating back in 1960s. Developed by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei, while a graduate student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1998. Presently, retail marketing is done by Holosonic Research Labs Inc., founded and headed by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei.

SCIENCE OF ULTRASOUND
Has very small wave length millimeter range. Has very high frequency above 20,000 Hz. Highly focused and directive. Cannot be heard by humans as it lies beyond the human threshold of hearing, i.e., 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

DIRECTIVITY
It means that power of beam is directed in particular direction only. Ultra-directional sound system uses ultrasound to excite air itself. Results in increased directive beam of sound only about 2 m wide.

MEANING OF NON-LINEARITY OF AIR

Linearity

Output is directly dependent upon input. Output signal does not vary over the distance.

Non Linearity of Air

Output is not directly dependent upon input. Simply, distortion in the signals with the distance travelled.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Sound Wave Hybrid Waves Distortion by Air Audible Wave

Ultrasonic Wave

IMPLEMENTATION OF ULTRASOUND
Audio wave is mixed with ultrasonic wave to form a resulting wave. Resulting is the sound waves with directivity of ultrasonic waves.

NON-LINEARITY OF AIR

Non-linearity of the air is employed to create audible byproducts from inaudible ultrasound. Non-linear air acts as de-modulator. As the beam moves through the air, gradual distortion takes place in a predictable way. Resulting in highly narrow beam sound.

AUDIBLE FREQUENCIES WITH ULTRASONIC CARRIER

Similar to Amplitude Modulation. Sound signals are mixed with the pure ultrasound carrier wave, resulting in hybrid wave. Hybrid wave moves through the air, creating complex distortions giving rise to two new frequency sets, one slightly higher and one slightly lower than the hybrid wave. One is similar to original sound wave and another is distorted component. Distorted component gets distorted. Leads to only original sound signal.

COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Components
A transducer array. A signal processor. An amplifier.

Specifications
Audio output: 100dB max. Usable range: 20m . Audibility to 200m.

TRANSDUCER ARRAY

Responsible for wave generation. IC 555 works as astable multivibrator. Values of resistors and capacitors are chosen according to the frequency required. A transducer is made to project a narrow beam of modulated ultrasound that is powerful enough to substantially change the speed of sound in the air that it passes through Results in the production of

TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

Ultrasound

Non Linearity of Air

Implies ultrasonic waves as carrier waves.

Distorts hybrid beam.

Results in literal beams of sound

Results in conversion of inaudible ultrasonic waves into audible sound waves.

TYPES OF AUDIO

Direct Audio

Direct sound at a specific target.

Projected Audio

Bounce off of a second object, creating an audio image and thus giving an illusion of loudspeaker.

Features

Physically small speakers

No need for crossovers, voice coils

Power efficient Directionality

Resultant audio retains directionality of ultrasound source Acoustic Spotlight

Difficulties

Need powerful ultrasonic sources

modulating these without distortion is difficult

Need an array of transducers that have to be precisely controlled. Conventional ultrasonic transducer elements introduce too much distortion.

MAJOR DIFFERENCE

Traditional Loudspeakers

Piston like device. Directly pumps air molecules into motion to create the audible sound. Sound tend to spread out in all directions from the point of origin

Ultra Sound System

Uses ultrasonic energy to create extremely narrow beams of sound. Behaves like beams of light. Travels as a narrow beam.

APPLICATIONS
Visual advertising. Personalized sound systems. Libraries and museums. Private messaging. Multiple sound sources can be used in close proximity.

THANK YOU!