Central retinal vein occlusion

The vessels are tortuous and dilated. Intraretinal hemorrhages are all
over the fundus.
 1) Branch vein occlusion

Occlusion of the infero-temporal vein. The hemorrhage is located in

the inner retinal layers and follows the nerve fibers along their
course.
 3) Diabetic retinopathy, proliferative

Massive neovascularization along the retinal surface (this indicates

.(that the vitreous is not detached
 (Macular hole (stage 4

At this stage one sees very well the foveal hole with the granular
appearance of the RPE and the surrounding narrow ring of retinal
.detachment. but no overlying membranous opacity
idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy,
angiogram

The angiogram confirms the RPE defect

 Lipemia retinalis

year old diabetic with hypertriglyceridemia. The vessels 16

.look creamy and the fundus has a much lighter coloration
 Myopia

A temporal conus and decreased

pigmentation of the posterior pole are
typical for myopia. Choroidal vessels
.become well visible
 Leukemia, Roth's spots

.Leukemic infiltrates are surrounded by hemorrhage

 Retinoblastoma

Spontaneously regressed large tumor in 23 year old

mother of previous child
 Central retinal artery occlusion with preserved cilioretinal artery

Whitening of the retina and cherry-red spot. Only the papillo-macular

bundle looks normal. Vision is 0.01.
 Central retinal artery occlusion with preserved cilioretinal artery.
Angiogram.

While all other vessels are not perfused the cilio-retinal artery with its
veins is open
 1) Branch artery occlusion

Closure of the temporal inferior artery at its bifurcation results in

edema of the retina (whitening). The embolus is visible.
1) Hypertensive Retinopathy with Pre-and Intraretinal Hemorrhage

Centrally there is a well-defined accumulation of blood under

detached internal limiting lamina. A second ring of blood has less
well-defined borders and represents preretinal blood where the
vitreous is detached from the retina.
 Arteriosclerosis of Retinal Vessels

Ensheathed arterial vessels are seen near the disc. Other signs of
hypertension are small intraretinal hemorrhages, some exudates,
slight edema of the inferior disc margin, and congested veins.
 1) Chorioretinal folds

M.3.A&k.A

Parallel lines, deep to the retina but also involving the retina are
caused by folds of the choroid
 2) Ocular albinism

M.3.A&k.A

In the periphery of the fundus the ampullae of the choroidal vessels

are well visible
 1) Ocular albinism

M.3.A&k.A

Except for the macula pigmentation of the RPE is missing and the
choroidal vessels are visible
 1) Malignant melanoma

M.3.A&k.A

When the tumor breaks through Bruch's membrane a smaller mass

bulges forward and the tumor takes on a so called collar-button
shape.
M.3.A&k.A
M.3.A&k.A
M.3.A&k.A
M.3.A&k.A
Vitreous Condensation
and Detachment

Very intense gelatinous

condensation and
detachment of the vitreous
after chorioretinal
.inflammation
 Persistant hyaloid artery

An avascular strand is seen in the vitreous that extends to the back

surface of the lens. This is a minor presentation of persistant
.(hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV
Persistant
hyaloid artery
and Mittendorf
spot

The strand inserts

into the posterior
lens capsule and
creates a small
.opacity
 Asteroid hyalosis

Highly reflective white small globules are seen with the

slitlamp
 Synchysis scintillans

Innumerous golden crystals (cholesterol) are thrown up with eye

movements and settle below again