EDIBLE VACCINES

Dr Fatima Shad K Professor Panjwani Center For Molecular Medicine and Drug Research

1998 - FIRST HUMAN TRIAL SHOWS THAT AN EDIBLE VACCINE IS FEASIBLE

Opening a new era in vaccine delivery, researchers supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have shown for the first time that an edible vaccine can safely trigger significant immune responses in people.

Immune responses to vaccines are influenced by: 1. the route of immunization (injection or oral), 2. the form of the antigen (live, killed, soluble, peptide subunit, particulate, etc.) and 3. the presence in the vaccine of biologically active elements that mediate specific tissue tropisms. They may also contain adjuvants, vectors or vehicles (Walker, 1994; Spriggs, 1996) that effect the quality and quantity of immune response.

Tomato expressing RSV vaccine

We give thanks for this meal

A lot to swallow

WHY WE CANNOT USE PLANT AS WHOLE

Difficult to be confident about dose due to plant to plant and field to field variability

Why it is difficult to be confident about dose

Levels of variability [in vaccine expression] from plant to plant or from field to field. One possibility is freeze-drying the products of transgenic plants. The added advantage of the freeze-drying process is that it concentrates the amount of protein expressed by the plant that generates the immune response (the antigen), by 2030fold. HOW?????

WHY WE SHOULD USE PELLET

Consistent dose of vaccine Concentrate the amount of protein expressed to 20-30 times

WHO WILL GET MAXIMUM BENFIT

The unlucky 20% who cannot afford to have basic vaccines for: Diphtheria Whooping cough Polio Measles and Tetanus

HOW ORAL VACCINE MAY DEVELOP IMMUNE TOLERANCE

Discuss why we are permitted by FDA for boosting antibody levels in individual already immunized with the injectable hepatitis B vaccine? What is immune tolerance? How it causes fatal liver disease? What is intestinal immune system?

EDIBLE VACCINES STIMULATES BOTH

Mucosal Immunity Circulating Immunity

WONDERS OF MUCOUS
Pathogen enters through orifices First line of defense in the mucous lining of these openings GIT Reproductive System Respiratory System Urinary System

IS DIABETES AN IMMUNE DISORDER?

DISCUSS

"Edible vaccines offer exciting possibilities for significantly reducing the burden of diseases like hepatitis and diarrhea, particularly in the developing world where storing and administering vaccines are often major problems," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of NIAID.

Immune System
Recognize pathogens through antigens Viruses should be attenuated Good to eat raw edible vaccines Tomato, Potato, Rice, Tobacco and banana are good candidates for edible vaccines Hepatitis B and Cholera How to avoid degeneration of antigen in stomach? Why weaker virus causes immunity NOT disease? Why we cannot cook them? Why banana is an ideal vector for vaccine? How Hepatitis B virus travels through the body?