3

1.

2.


1.

2. ()

3.
()
4.

5.
A/DV/IV/F

3.1

3.1.1

()

CMRR=Kd/Kc

3.1.2

1.
R2

R2
K
R1

R3 R1 / / R2

Ui

R1

+
+ A

Uo

R3

3.1.2

2.
R2
K 1
R1
R3 R1 / / R2

Ui

R3

R1

+ +
- A
R2

Uo

3.1.2

3.
R2

Uid= Ui2Ui1

Uic=(Ui1+ Ui2)/2
Uo

R2
R
R4
U i1 (1 2 )
U i2
R1
R1 R3 R4

Ui1
Ui2

R1

R3

- +
+ A

Uo

R4

R1=R3R2=R4

R2
Uo
U id
R1

R2
K
R1

CMRR

3.1.2

4.
U o R3

A1A2

U i

A1 R
1

A
I

Rp

A3

U i

R1 R2

R5

A3

Uo

R2

A 2 U o R4

R3 R4

R6

R5 R6

3.1.2
U i

U o R3

U o

R1
R1
(1
)U i
Ui
RP
RP

A1 R
1

Uo Uo

Rp

R
R
(1 2 )U i 2 U i
Rp
Rp

R1 R2
(1
)(U i U i )
Rp

U i

Uo

R5

A3

R2

A 2 U o R4

R6

R5
R5
R6
R5
Uo
U o (1
)
U o
(U o U o )
R3
R3 R4 R6
R3

Uo
R1 R2 R5
K
(1
)
Ui + Ui
RP
R3

Uo

50k
INA114 K 1
Rp
7

A1

25k

RP

A3

U i

25k 25k

U i

A 2 25k 25k

Uo

REF

INA114
+5V
0.1F

350

350
2

350

350

RP

1
6
INA114
8
3

-5V 0.1F

Uo

INA114
+5V
PIN
2
U
1 i

Rp1

INA114

8
3 U
i

R2

Uo 6

U1

A1

VD1 R3

REF 5
4

A2 U
REF

-5V

LD

R4

+5V Rp 2

R1

+5V

VD 2 I

U2

+5V I

+5V
PIN

2
U
1 i

Rp 1

INA114

8
3 U
i

R2

Uo 6

U1

A1

VD1 R3

REF 5
4

A2 U
REF

-5V

LD

R4

+5V Rp 2

R1

U1 U 2 K (U i U i )

R4
R4

VD 2 I

U2

LDPIN
R1
INA114UoU1
LDILD

5.
80 k
40 k

y1
S1
y2
S2

A0
A1

y3
20 k

y4
S4

80 k

Ui

10 k

Rf

S3

Rf
K
Ri

Ri

80k
2n

(n 0
1
2
3)

Uo

AD526

12 16 15
12 16 15
U i 3 A 2 A1 A 0 9 U o1
3 A 2 A1 A 0

8
+5V 11
AD526
AD526
11
7
+5V
B
B
VCC
VCC
10 V
10
-12V
VCC CS CLK
CC CS CLK
+12V
+12V
14
13
14
13

9 U o
8
7
-12V A/D

P0.0-P0.5

P0.6

AD526

3.1.2
1. -

1V/I
Ui
IL Ii
R

Ui

IL

RL

RL

Ii

Uo

3.1.1
2V/I

( R1 R2 R3 R4 R )

R2

P1

A1 U o1
R4

P2

N2

IL

U
o2
A2

U i R3

RL

R0

N1

R1

R3
R2
R2 R4
Uo1 1
Ui
Uo 2
U P1 1

R1
R1 R3 R4
R3 R4

U P 2 U o1 U P 2 Uo1 Uo 2 U i
IL

RL
R0
R0
R0

AD694
LM35

AD694
V/I

A/D

D/A

LM35
A/D
D/A0-10V
AD694V/I4-20mA

AD694V/I
4

+15V
13

VD1

VCC
10V
11
IOUT
1

2
C1 VD2
AD694
4mA
3
Vi
COM
5
9

40-10V
4mA94-20mA
110.01F
VD1VD2AD694

3.1.1

2. -

I R1

1
Uo
IS I
R1
Uo IR1 IS R1

IS

+
+ A

RS

Uo

R2

:1RS
2IS>>Ib

3.1.1

2
U i IR1
U o (1

R2
R
)U i 2 U b
R3
R3

R4=R2//R3

R2
R3

Ub

Ui
R1

R4

+
+ A

Uo

4~20mA 0~10V
R1=250I= 4~20mA Ui=1~5VUo=0~10V
R2
R2
R2
R2
(1

U b 10
(1
)1
Ub 0
R3
R3
R3
R3
R2 3
5
U b VR3 20k R2 30k R4 R2 / / R3 12k
R3 2
3

3. -
V1
R1

C1

R3

A1 U o1

R2

R6

U REF

Ui

U o1
o

2
R4
U REF (U REF 0)

R5

Uo

Uo
o

T1
T

T2

Uo1=0>UREFUoV1
UiUo1Uo1<UREFUoV1
C1Uo1
Ui
1
1
f

T1 T2 T1 R1C1U REF

3.1.1

LM331

LM331
V/F

LM331

LM331V/F
RtCtA2
V1RS

+15V R
8

R1C1

RS
IS

A2
2R
IS

RS

V1

LM331

6
RL

CL
Ui

+5V

R
Q
RS
Q
S

Ro

RS
fo
Ui
2.09 RtCt RL

Ct

Uc

V2

A1

7
R1

4
C1

fo

3.1.1

4. -
LM331
+15V R

Ct

A2
2R
IS

RS

R
1

R2

C1

6
7
R3

V1

LM331

R
Q
RS
Q
S

2.09 RtCt RL
Uo
fi
RS
Uo

1
3

fi

V2

A1

RL

CL

3.1.1

5. -

A/D

3.1.1
A/D

(LSB)
umax
D
2n
Kumin n
umin
2

=LSB/2

3.1.1
A/D
ADCADC
ADC

ADC

AD167489C51
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7 G E

74LS373

P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7

89C51
ALE

EA

WR
RD
P1.0

&

Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7

R/C
A0

VL
VCC
VEE

5V
15V
15V

AD1674
CS

DGND

AGND
DB 0
DB1
DB 2 REF IN
DB 3
DB 4 REF OUT
DB 5
DB 6
DB 7 BIP OFF
DB 8
DB 9
DB10
DB11 10V
IN
CE
STS
12/8

100
100

5V

6. -
DAC120889C51
89C51

P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7

BYTE1 / BYTE2 R fb
CS
IOUT1
XFER
IOUT 2
WR1
WR 2

P 2.5
P 2.6
P 2.7
WR

DI 0 (LSB)
VCC
+15V
DI1
DGND
DI 2
DI 3
AGND
DI 4
DI 5 DAC1208
DI 6
VS
10 V
DI 7
U REF
UOUT AD581
DI 8
GND
DI 9
DI10
DI11 (MSB)

uo

IOUT1IOUT2

U REF
uo D
4096

DAC1208

REF

i1 R

A1 uo1 5k

i3

10k

d1d 0 DAC1208 R fb
IOUT1
IOUT 2
U REF
2R
U

d11d10

2 R i2

A 2 uo2

10k

A1
A2
U REF
uo 2 D 2048
2048
UREFd11
1uo2d110uo2

DAC1208
R2

R1

A1

d d
11 10

U REF IOUT1
IOUT 2

iOUT1 C

ui

U REF

A2

uo

DAC1208
d1 d 0

DAC1208UREFA1
Uo ( f ) R2
1
4096 RC ( R1 R2 )
H( f )

[
]
U i ( f ) R1 1 j 2 f
D
R1
fc 1 / 2 12D
D

3.2 RCL

3.2.1
1.

R1

R2

c Uo

R1 R3 R2 R4
R1 R3 R2 R4
Uo
U
( R1 R2 )( R3 R4 )

R3

R4

3.2.1

1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R ()
2R1 R2 R R3 R4 R ()

Ri Ri Ri R R
U R1 R2 R3 R4
Uo (

)
4 R1
R2
R3
R4

3.2.1

2.

U R
Uo
4 R

U R
Uo
2 R

U o U

R
R

3.
U R1 R2 R3 R4
Uo (

)
4 R1
R2
R3
R4

-
R1

R1
R2

U RF
Uo
4 R

R2

R1

R2
U RM
Uo
2 R

R1

R2

M
R1
R2

Uo U

R3
R4

RM
R

R1

R2

R4

R3

-M:
R1

R2

R3

R4

(1 )U RF
Uo
2
R

R1

R2

R4

R3

3.2

3.2.2
*

Z1 Z 3 Z 2 Z 4
Zi Z0 i e

j i

(i 1
2
3
4)

Z 01 Z 03 Z 02 Z 04

1 3 2 4

Z1

Z2

c
Z3

Z4
d
u

uo

3.2.2

:
R1

R1

R2
C2

C1

c uo

a
R3

R4

d
u

R1 R3 R2 R4

C1 R4 C2 R3

C1

R2

L1

C2

L2

c uo
R3

R4

d
u

R1 R3 R2 R4

L1 R3 L2 R4

R2

R1

ey

R3

R4

d
e0

R1 R3 R2 R4

C1 R4 C2 R3

:
K

uo

R2

R1

Rp
C1

3.3

3.3
()

R1

R2

uo

u
R4

R3

y(t )

o
x(t )

xm ( t )

o
xf (t )

3.3.1
1. : ()

xm ( t ) x( t ) y( t ) x( t ) cos 2f 0 t

()
x(t)

y(t)

xm(t)

y(t)

xo(t)

x(t)

()
x(t)

y(t)

xm(t)

y(t)

xo(t)

x(t)

()
x(t)

y(t)

x(t )

y(t )

xm(t)

xm ( t ) x( t ) cos 2f 0 t

y(t )
y(t)

xo(t)

x(t)

xo ( t ) x ( t ) cos 2f 0 t
2

1
1
x( t ) x( t ) cos4f 0 t
2
2

2. : x(t)
A

x(t )

x(t )
A

x' (t ) A x(t ) 0

xm ( t ) x( t ) y( t ) [ A x( t )]cos 2f 0 t

()


1
x(t)180o

2fm
f0
f010fm

3. ( R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 / 2)
R7

xm ( t )
R2

R3

R4

R5
A2

u(t )

R1

A1

y(t)

V1

u(t )
V2

R6

xo(t)

y(t)>0V1V2A2
xm(t)A2
R7

xm ( t )
R2

R3

R5

A2

R4

xo ( t )

R6

R6
R7
x0 ( t ) (1
)
xm ( t ) xm ( t )
R4 R2 R5 R6

y(t)<0V1V2A2
xm(t)A2
R7

xm ( t )
R2

R3

R5

A2

R4

xo ( t )

R6

R7
x0 ( t )
xm ( t ) xm ( t )
R3 R4

x (t )
o

x(t)>0
xm(t)y(t)

xo(t)
x(t)<0
xm(t)y(t)

xo(t)

y (t )

xm ( t )

xo ( t )

x(t )

xm ( t )

x(t )

xo ( t )

y(t )
o

3.3.2
1.
x(t)
x(t)
-

xf ( t ) cos 2 [ f 0 x( t )] t
xf ( t )

(VCO)
Ux

Uz

M
Rf

A2

R3

Rf

A1

R2

R1

Ux

Ro

VD

Uy

Ux

Uz
R1

Ux

M
Rf

A2

R3

Rf

A1

R2

Uy=+UD(
)
Uz>0C
A2
U2U2<UD
A1Uy=-UD

Ux

Ro

VD

Uy

Uy=-UDUz<0C
A2U2U2>+UDA1
Uy=+UDUy
Ux

2.
VD

uf C 1

L1

L2

C 2 ua

R uo

ua

ua

f 0 fn

f
uf

uo

t o
uo

o
t

uf
ua
uouo
()

20

()


()
8.5Hz
23.5Hz

3.4

3.4.1 ()

c2

c1

c1

c2

c1

c2

3.4.2
1.
A0

A( f )

A0
o

-fc

fc

( f )

f fc

( f ) 2 ft0 f

fc
-fc

A0
A( f )
0

2.
A( f )

A( f )

2d

A0

0.707A0

Q=f0 / B
B

fc1

f0

fc2

1d
2fcA( f )=0.707A0

3BQ
f 0 -3dBB

f0

fc 1 fc 2

Q f0 / B

4W

A( 2 f c 2)
W 20 lg
A( f c 2)
5 -60dB-3dB

B 60dB

1~ 5
B 3 dB

3.4.3 RC
RCRC

12()
1.
R1

RF

uo

ui

R1

ui

C
RF

uo

R1

ui

RF

RF
1
H( f ) 1

R1 1 j 2 f
1
A( f )
2
1 2 f

uo

( f ) arctan2 f

f 1 / 2 A( f ) 1 ( f ) 0
f 1 / 2 uo
fc 2

1
2

ui dt

RF
K 1
R1

A(f )

C
RF

1
0.707

(f )
o
45
90

1
2
1
2

ui

R1

fc 2

uo

2 RF C

RF
K p
R1

-20dB/

2.
-40dB/
1
fc 2

C2

2 R1 RF C1C 2

RF
R2

C1

R3

Rf
K
R1 R2

ui

R1

uo

2
ARFR3

R3

2 R1 R2C1C2

RF
K 1
R3
H( f )

ui

R1

R2

fc 2

RF

A
C1

uo

C2

K
1 j 2 f ( R1C1 R2C 2 R1C 2 KR1C1 ) ( j 2 f )2 R1 R2C1C 2

RF

fc 2

RF
K
R1
H( f )

R1

R2

C1

R3

2 R2 RF C1C2
ui

C2

uo

K
1
1
1
1 j 2 fR2 RF C 2 (

) ( j 2 f )2 R2 RF C1C 2
R1 R2 RF

3.
C1

uo

A
C1

R2

1
f0
2 R1 R2C1C 2

K 1

R1
ui

R2

1
f0
2

C2
R3

ui

R1

RF

C2

uo

1
1
1
(

)
R3C1C 2 R1 R2

R3
K
2 R1

4.

ui

K1

K2 u
o

TCLK

"1"
"0" K1K2uiC
Q1 Cui

"0"
"1" K1K2C
Q2 Cuo

ui

K1

K2 u
o

TCLK

TCLK

Q Q1 Q2 C (ui uo )
i

TCLK

C
TCLK

( ui uo )

TCLK
ui uo TCLK
1
R

i
C
C fCLK

2
R1

K2

uo

ui

C2

C1

RF

ui K
1

R1

RF

uo

C2

fc 2

1
1 C1

fCLK
2 RC2 2 C2

fCLK

1()

2()


RC

LineDa: LTC1564
MAXIM: MAX74xx

3.5

380V6V

3.5.1

I/V
A/D

4-20mAI/V0-5V
A/DAT89S51

I/V
A/D

5A
0-5V
A/DAT89S51

t
o
ug
ug
ug
t
o
u
u

R C
t
o

ug
u

RC

3.5.2 I/V
16 V
+

Ii
-15V

1 - In 300k 99k B

75
C
2 T

1F

RCV420

75

3 + In
A 300k 100k
4 V
1F

92k

Ref In 12

11.5k

Rcv fB 15
Rcv Out 14

1.01k

+15V

Ref Out 11
Ref fB 10
+10V
Ref Trim 8
Ref NR 7

0-5V

Uo
10V

Rcv Com Ref Com

13
5

RCV420I/V4-20mA
0-5VUo 312.5 Ii 1.25

3.5.3 A/D
ALE

2D

AT89S51
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P 2.5
P 2.6
P 2.7
WR
RD

VCC
VREF ( )
VREF ( )

CLOCK
ADDC
ADDB
ADDA
D0
GND
D1
D2
IN 0
D3
D4
D5
ADC0809
D6
D7
EOC
IN1
START

ALE

OE

5V

1F

1F