4

1.

2.

4.1
4.1.1

1948 1948

A
0

1
--
2
--
3
--

a)
x ( t )
=
x ( t + nT )

b)

:
x(t) = sin(t)+sin(2.t)

:
x(t)= e-Bt . Asin(2*pi*f*t)

c)

()

()

2
a)
-

x (t ) dt
2

b)
-

lim

1
2T

x (t )dt
2

3
a)
(t1t2)

b)
(f1 f2 )

4
a) :

b):

4.1.2

X(f)

4.1.3

system

1-18

1-19

4.1.4
a) :

, t 0
(t )
0, t 0

(t )dt 1

(t ) lim S (t )
0

S(t)

1/

S(t)

S(t)

1
f (t ) (t ) f (0) (t ), f (t ) (t t 0 ) f (t 0 ) (t t 0 )
2

f (t ) (t ) f (0),

f (t ) (t t 0 ) f (t 0 )

f (t ) * (t t0 )

f ( ) (t )d f (t t0 )

4
( s)

( t ) e st dt 1

5
( f )

(t )e j 2ft dt 1

b) sinc

sin t
sin t
sin c(t )
, or,
, ( t )
t
t

c)
t

e e e
st

jt

et cost et sin t

t
s j

4.2
4.2.1

x(t ) h(t ) x( )h(t )d

x ( n) h( n)

x ( k ) h( n k )

x(t ) (t t0 ) x(t t0 )

4.2.2
xt
ttxt180o
tt0txtt0
at t xt
1/a
f t

1
f t
2
1

f t

0.5

f 4t
1

2 t

0.5 1

4.2.3
1

1
lim x(t )dt
T
T

X(t)
T-----

1
x(t )dt
T
T

lim [ x(t ) ] dt
T

1
[ x(t ) ] dt
T
T

1
lim x (t )dt
T
T

1
x (t )dt
T
T

X(t)
xx
x

P(x)

T
P( x x(t ) x x) lim
T
1
T
P( x) lim [lim ]
x
T

x0

Txx+x

T
P ( x)
xT
x

p (x )

xt

(a)

p (x )

xt

(b)

xt

x
p (x )

(c)

p (x )

xt

(d )

0
t

a
c

b
d

4.2.4
1

xy
xy

xy

c xy
x y

E [( x x )( y y )]

E[( x )2 ] E[( y

x y x,y
E
x yx,y

y)

2 1/ 2

0 xy 1

x
xy 1

x
xy 1
y

x
0 xy 1

xy 0

2
x, y
x(t)y(t)
x(t)

y(t)

1
R ( ) x(t ) y(t )dt
T
T

xy

y(t)=x(t)

1
R ( ) x(t ) x(t )dt
T
T

R x

R x

R x

R x

a
b

1 RX()=Rx(- )

2 =0
3

FT

Sx ( f )

Sxy ( f )

j 2 f
R
(

)
e
dt
x

j 2f
R
(

)
e
dt
x y

3,4:

34


at

0.11

Rx

0
t

1
1
f
9Hz
T 0.11

X1

X2


v
l

Rxy

2
x t

y t
0

4.3
4.3.1
a) ;
x ( t )

x ( t )

x ( t + nT )

n T x ( t )
T

sinwt=sin(wt+n2
sinwt,sin2wt,sin3wt


1822

x(t ) a0

(an cos n0t bn sin n0t)

(n 1,2, ,3,...)

n 1

x(t ) a0

An cos(n0t n )
n 1

(n 1,2, ,3,...)

: a 1 T / 2 x(t )dt;
0
T T / 2
an

2
T

bn

2
T

T /2

T / 2

T /2

T / 2

x(t ) cos n 0tdt;

T
T=2/0
0
f0= 0 /2

x (t ) sin n 0tdt;

An an bn ;
2

n arctg ab ;
n

x(t ) a0

An cos(n0t n )

(n 1,2, ,3,...)

n 1

x (t )

C e
n

jn 0 t

,(n 0,1,2,...)

Cn

T /2
1
T T / 2

x(t )e jnw0t dt; n 0,1,2......

Cn Cn e jn
1
bn
Cn An ;n arctg
2
an

An
2

x t

1
0
t
x t 2 sin 0 t sin 2 0 t

0
n

2 0

2 0

90


xt

4A
1
1
1

sin

sin
3

sin
5

sin
7

0
0
0
0

3
5
7

xt

An

A
T

T
2

4A

t
0 0 30 50 70 90

x (t )

jn 0 t
C
e
n ,(n 0,1,2,...)

Cn

1
T

T /2

T / 2

x(t )e jnw0 t dt

n0
2
n

sin


x(t)Acosw0t =A/2(ejw0t+e-jw0t
A
0

An
A/2
w0

Cn

-w0 0 w0

w0=2/T0

225
64P1228

4.3.2

2/T0 T0

X(f )
x(t )

x(t )e j 2ft dt

X ( f )e

df

FT

Cn

IFT

X(f

x(t ) X ( f )
Cn

j 2ft

T /2
1
T T / 2

x(t )e jnw0t dt

5.2-P120

Uf

u t

1 0 1

x(t)

t
tt0
1
(t)
g(t)
cosw0t
sinw0t
ejw0t
tnTs

X(f

1
e-jwt0
2 w
w+1/jw
Sa(w /2)
[w+w0+ w-w0]

j[w+w0+ w-w0]

2 w-w0
1/TS fn/Ts)


a.
b.

x1(t) X1(f)x2(t) X2(f)

c1x1(t)+c2x2(t) c1X1(f)+c2X2(f)
c.
x(t) X(f) X(t) x(-f)

d.
x(t) X(f)

x(kt) 1/k[X(f/k)]

e.
x(t) X(f) x(tt0) ej2ft X(f)
0

f.
x(t) X(f)x(t) ej2f0t X(f f0)

X1(f)

+
X2(f)

g.
x(t) X(f) y(t) Y(f),
x(t)*y(t) X(f) Y(f)
:

n t

n f
1

2Ts

Ts

a)

1
Ts

Ts

2Ts

4
3
2
1 0

Ts Ts Ts Ts

b)

1
Ts

2
Ts

3 4
Ts Ts


x t sin 2f0t

1
2

Xf
f0

x t cos 2f0t

f0

1 f

Xf

1
2

t
f0

1
2

f0

10

11

12

6
1

4
5

4.3.3

Sx f

R x e

j 2f

S xy f

R xy e

j 2f

1802

4.4

A/D

D/A

4.4.1 (A/D)(D/A)
1A/D

4A/D: XXXX

X(1) 0101
X(2) 0011
X(3) 0000

2) A/D
(1) ;

810
1216

(2) ;
:1ms(1KHz)
10us(100kHz)
(3) ;
5V +/-5V10V+/-10V

2D/A
D/A

D/A
;
;
;

4.4.2
p(t)x(t)
x(nt)
xt

Pt

XntP(t

xnt

X(0), X(1), X(2), , X(n)


xt

2:
xt


X(f)

x(t)
0

X(f)*P1(f

x(t)p1(t)
0

f
1/t

X(f)*P1(f

x(t)p2(t)
0

fs 2 fmax

x(t)
35
xt

xt

4.4.3
Discrete Fourier Transform

x(t)

xT(t)

xT(t)

x(t)

Xf
FT
f
t

n(t)

N(f)

FT

Xf

x1(t)

FT

G(f)

g(t)

FT

f
Xf

x1(t)

FT
t

k(f)

k(t)
IFT

X2(f)

x (t)

X (f)
x (t)

DFT

DFT

X k X e j

N 1

2 k / N

N 1

x n WNkn

x n e j 2 kn / N
n 0

0 k N 1

n 0

X k NWN e j 2 / N
1
IDFT x n
N

N 1

X k W
k 0

kn
N

0 n N 1

4.4.4

1024,DFT
FFT

(FFT)

4.4.5

x(t), w(t)
:
y(t) =x(t)w(t)

4.4.6
1
FFTN
fs:

Xs(fi) fi = i *fs / N , i = 012.....N/2

X(f)

f=fs/N

3
1

FFT