Govt. Girls Sr.

Sec. School
Samrala
 Presented By
 Ramandeep Kaur Roll No –
18
 Heena Miglani Roll No - 9

 Class - 9th C
 Topic - Cell
 Cell, its structure, components,
discovery, types, organelles,
functions.
Cell is the basic unit of life.
 Main components of cell
 1.Cell membrane
 2.Cytoplasm
 3.Nucleus
 Cell Membrane
 .It is also called plasma
membrane or
plasmalemma,surrounds the cell
contents in all the cells.
 Functions:-It protects and
supports the cell
 It maintains the shape of the cell
 Cytoplasm
 The space between the plasma
membrane and the nucleus is filled
by an homogenous and colloidal
liquid called cytoplasmic matrix.
 It contains inorganic molecules such
as water, salts, amino acids, lipids,
proteins and carbohydrates.
 Organelles are found floating in it.
 Nucleus
 The nucleus is a prominent spherical organelle in
the cell. It is bounded by a nuclear envelope.The
nucleus controls all cellular activities.
 Nucleus consists of five types of organelles.
 1.Nuclear envelope-It consists of two unit
membrane:outer and inner with a narrow ,fluid-
filled intermembrane space inbetween.It is
perforated by nuclear pores.
 2.Nuclear Sap-It is clear,nonstaining material in the
nucleus.It contains raw material,enzymes and metal
ion for the synthesis of DNA and RNAs.
 3.Nuclear matrix-It is a network of
fine,crisscrossing,protein containg fibrils which are
joined to the nuclear envelope by their ends.
 4.Chromatin-They are formed of protein and DNA
,and condense into chromosomes before cell
division.
Nucleus
 Discovery of Cell
 Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke
in 1665.
 In 1674, Antony van Leeuwenhoek
was the first who observed free cells
such as bacteria, protozoa, R.B.C.
and spermatazoa.
 Types of Cell
 Prokaryotic

 Eukaryotic
 Organelles
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Golgi Apparatus

 Plastids

 Centrosomes

 Ribosomes

 Lysosome

 Vacuoles

 Mitochondria
 Mitochondria
 The mitochondria are sausage-shaped
vesicles bounded by an envelope of
2unit membrane and filled with fluid
matrix.Inner membrane infolds into
the matrix to form cristae.The inner
membrane and its cristae bear many
oxisomes and electron carries
coenzymes.Mitochondria helps in
respiration ,produce ATP by oxidation
of food so it is also known as power
house of the cell.
Mitochondria
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Endoplasmic reticulum consists of
cisternae and tubules and isolated
vesicles.
 Types-1.Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum-Free of ribosomes and
prepares cholesterol and steroid
harmones.
 2.Rough endoplasmic reticulum-
Ribosomes present on the
cytoplasmic surface and synthesises
secretory and membrane proteins
 Golgi appratus
 It consist of Flattened
cisternae, vesciles, vacuoles
and tubules.
 It helps in secretion of

mucous, enzymes and

hormones.
 It also helps in formation of

cell plate during cell division.

Golgi Apparatus
 Plastids
 These organelles are
found only in plant cell.
 Plastids are of three

types-
 Chromoplasts,

Chloroplasts and
leucoplast.
 Chromoplast
 Chromoplasts contain fat
soluble, yellow, orange or red
coloured pigment.
 They provide colour to flowers
and fruits.
 These are found in
leaves,flowers, fruits etc.
 Chloroplast
 Chloroplasts are green plastids which
posses photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll, which is responsible for
food preparation by photosynthesis.
 It has two types-
 Grana
 Stroma
 Leucoplasts
 Leucoplasts are colourless
plastids.
 They store the reserve food eg.
Amylo plasts store starch,
elaioplasts store fats,
aleuronoplasts store proteins.
 They are found in underground
parts.
 Centrosome
 It consists of two small granules
called centrioles.
 Ribosomes
 They are known as protein factories
of the cell.
 Lysosomes
 They are known as suicidal bags.
They have capacity to digest its
own organelle because of the
presence of large no. of
digestive enzymes.
 They contains hydrolytic
digestive enzymes.

 Functions
 Plasma membrane protects the
cell from injury.
 Nucleus controls cell
metabolism.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum helps in
detoxification of poisonous
substance.
 Ribosomes helps in protein
synthesis.
 Mitochondria provide energy to
various reactions.
 Other functions
 Golgi bodies pack material for
secretion.
 Leucoplasts helps in storage of food.
 Chromoplast provides colour to fruits.
 Chloroplasts helps in photosynthesis.
 Lysosomes help in digestion of
microbes.
 Lysosomes remove the cellular
debris.