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Chapter 12 Objectives
12.1 Select the appropriate operating system based on customer needs
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Compare OS versions or editions to find the best one for your customer
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Network Sharing
YES
EFS Support
YES
Enhanced Security
YES
Windowsxp
Professional
Microsoft
YES
Windowsxp
Home Edition
Microsoft
No
YES
No
No
No
Windowsxp
Media Center Edition
Microsoft
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Windows2000
Add-On
YES
YES
YES
YES
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Server NOS
The NOS is designed to provide network resources to clients:
Server applications, such as shared databases
Centralized data storage Directory services that provide a centralized repository of user accounts and resources on the network, such as LDAP or Active Directory Network print queue Network access and security Redundant storage systems, such as RAID and backups
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 12 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Network Protocols
Network operating systems provide several protocols designed to perform network functions.
Defines how files are exchanged on the web Provides services for file transfer and manipulation
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Disk Structure
Create, view, and manage disks, directories, and files Types of partitions on a hard drive:
Primary partitions Extended partitions Logical drives
NOTE: Only one partition may be designated as the active partition for booting the system. In most cases, the C: drive is the active partition and contains the boot and system files.
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The type of file system, NTFS or FAT32, provides the rules that files within each directory must follow.
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File Extensions
Create, view, and manage disks, directories, and files
Windows file systems require at least three characters after the last period (.) of a file extension
Valid file name: My_file.txt Invalid file name: My_file.xt
To avoid this security breach, you should always show file extensions:
Start > Control Panel > Folder Options > File Types tab > Advanced > Always show extension
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System Tools
Optimize the performance of operating systems To maintain and optimize an operating system:
Disk error checking which can scan the hard drive for file structure errors Hard drive defragmentation consolidates files for faster access
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Virtual Memory
Optimize the performance of operating systems
Swap file uses free space on the hard drive to temporarily store segments of an application or data
The OS uses the swap file to mimic RAM To adjust the size of the swap file, you must be logged in as an administrator Typically, you should let Windows manage the size of the swap file
Increasing the size of the swap space is not always helpful and may slow down the computer
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Disk Defragmenter
Optimize the performance of operating systems
Disk Defragmenter makes files on the hard drive contiguous and speeds up the reading of files.
To defragment a drive
Double-click My Computer on the desktop
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Services
Optimize the performance of operating systems
Services are a type of application that runs in the background and waits for requests
Only necessary services should be started
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Never refresh
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Account password
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 12 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Email Protocols
Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)
Downloads email from a server to manipulate and store on local computer.
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Refresh rate
The rate the screen image is refreshed. Refresh rates are measured in Hertz (Hz) or times per second.
Display colors
Colors created by varying the light intensity of the three basic colors.
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Dual-Boot Process
Installation of a second operating system
There is a dual-boot process for multiple operating systems on a computer.
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Download updates for me, but let me choose when to install them
Notify me but don't automatically download or install them Turn off Automatic Updates
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Restore Points
Set restore points Restore points return the OS to a predefined point in time.
If installation of an application or a hardware driver causes problems, try uninstalling the application or driver
If uninstalling does not help, try to restore the computer to an earlier time when the system worked properly To access the System Restore utility:
Select Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > System Restore
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 12
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Restore points contain information about the system and registry settings used by the Windows OS.
System restore does not back up personal data files or recover corrupted or deleted personal files.
To backup data, use a dedicated backup system, such as a tape drive, CDs, or even a USB storage device.
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Troubleshooting Process
Step 1 Gather data from the customer
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The helpdesk technician was unable to resolve the problem, so the work order is escalated to a level-two technician.
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Quick Solutions
Step 3: Try quick solutions first
Technician tries these quick solutions:
Reboot Install a known good network cable to this computer Boot in safe mode using the F8 menu Boot to last known good configuration using the F8 menu Boot from startup disk Ensure IP address information is correct for this computer
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To look for OS problems, technician examines system files and runs diagnostic software.
Conclusion:
The update may be causing the problem.
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Restore points were automatically created prior to the installation of the update.
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Chooses the restore point created before the update was installed.
Reboots computer.
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If the solution is acceptable, the technician can finish the documentation and close the work order. Documentation should include:
A restatement of the problem Steps taken in the troubleshooting process, and the solution Time needed to solve the problem
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 12 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Possible Solution
Make sure the boot.ini is not corrupt and verify that it is correct. If the new driver is bad, boot to VGA mode and use Roll Back Driver to restore the previous driver. Advise the customer that the installation CD will take too long. Consult with customer about one of the automated installation solutions. Run the Disk Cleanup utility to delete temporary files. Ask the customer for the name of the service in the error message and restart the service.
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Chapter 12 Summary
Ensuring that you understand the technology needs of the customer Knowing the differences between common operating systems Matching the customer needs to the proper technologies Knowing the different methods to install an operating system Knowing how to upgrade different operating systems
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Q and A
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