Historical Perspective of Industrial Relations Part II

Period 1853-1920 Beginning of Industrialization in India-by Mr.Arvind 4/22/12 Budhkar

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Europe witnessed Growth of Industries as many innovations laid foundations for development of economy & Industry :1764-Hargreares invented the weaving Machine 1765- James Watt invented Steam Machine 1769-Arikright invented Spinning 4/22/12 Machine-changed whole system of

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Arkaright & Jedediah Strutt started, Factory System Industry in England. Earlier it was known as Domestic. 18th Century witnessed Economists, Sociologist & Psychologist contributing to evolve some kind of system to regulate wages system, understanding human Psychology, motivation & the factory affecting the relationship of employer & 4/22/12

Indian side

British got control over India. 1871-First textile mill started 1839 -Assam Tea Co. set up in Mumbai 1840-Coffee Plantation in Mysore,Coorg, Nilgiris & Malbar 1853-Rly started from CST to Thane 1854- Jute Mill set up in Kolkatta
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1880-N.M.Lokhande founded First Trade Union-1 day spontaneous strike for one day holiday. Earlier no holiday was existing in factory. 1883-National Congress Set Up 1891-Amendment in Factory Act for One Holiday. Working hrs of Women reduced to 11 hrs & Children below 11 yrs were prohibited
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1895-Plague Spread in Maharashtra

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During this period, Family Culture controlled industries. No Professional environment & approach to words employees was authoritarian & exploitative. No. Rational approach for Wage determination. Wages were determined on the basis of Production Norms, Hourly basis, time rate, per day basis. To motivate workers, they were lured by incentive 4/22/12 payments to work more & increase of

Effects of working

This resulted in more absenteeism, accident, stressful situation. No Holiday even after working. Period of 1862 to 1880 witnessed no of strikes increasing in textiles, printing press, & rly. Working conditions were not conducive. Employers minted profits at the lower production rates and exporting to England. 4/22/12

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The factory act was amended in 1881. The act provided limit of applicability to more than 100 workers, limitations to child labours working hrs & prohibited employment of female labour in night shift and created machinery of office of factory inspector. The Indian workers were not happy with provisions & agitations 4/22/12

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He started writing articles in Paper, Dinbandhu & Indian Workers which gave platform to knowledge of happenings in Labour situations. The working conditions did not improve till 1905. In 1895 Ahmadabad weavers started strike for change in wage system from fortnightly to weekly. This was first official strike in Gujarat. In 1900 Rly 4/22/12

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The workers of Bombay in 1910 set up Kamgar Hitvardhati Sangh & Social Service Legue In 1883 Indian National Congress was formed and in 1906 congress proclaimed aim of Swaraj. The Partition of Bengal , unjust sentence on Bal Gangadhar Tilak & Swadeshi movement gave impetus to Labour Movement in Country. 4/22/12

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Anusuyaben Sarabhai daughter Mill agent from Ahmadabad returned from England in 1914. She had seen working conditions of workers & functioning of trade unions in England. She started working for Indian workers & established schools & welfare centre for workers. In 1917 she formed Warpers Union & Other craft Unions, Drivers, Oilmen & 4/22/12 firemen Unions were formed. All

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In 1917, Ahmadabad Mills resorted to Strike for demand of increase of wages. B.P.Wadia under the guidance of Dr.Annie Besant formed the Madras Labour Union. They wanted an extension of lunch time by 10 minutes. In 1918 due to ill treatment of Europeans Supervisors new unions were formed. 4/22/12

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After 1917 the Communist spread its influence in Indian Trade Union under leadership of M.N.Roy and congress split after 1925. In 1925 Communist party was formed. Communist wing was not spreading and therefore Communists Leaders from Mascow decided to be aggressive under British communist and opposed Mr.Gandhijis 4/22/12

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Mr.Gandhiji suggested to refer this dispute to Arbitration consisting of Representative of Workers i.e. Sardar Patel, Shankarlal Banker & Gandhiji. The workers resorted to strike without knowledge of Gandhiji. Mr.Gandhiji addressed the workers under Babul Tree till end of strike (1918).
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This event is known as emergence of