The Land and the People

Early names
Ma-I Land of the Barbarians
Chin-San Mountain of Gold Liu-Sung Land Adjacent to the Mainland Islas de Poniente Western Islands Archipelago of Magellan Archipelago of Legazpi

 Archipelago of St. Lazarus name given by Magellan

in 1521 Filipinas given by Villalobos in 1543 in honor of King Philip II Pearl of the Orient Juan Delgado; but this romantic name was glorified by Jose Rizal Maharlika name given by former president Ferdinand Marcos

Geographical Location
MOTTO: For God,

People, Nature and Country Part of South East Asia 115,707 sq. miles Luzon largest island Mindanao second largest Samar third largest

Regions in the Philippines

National Capital Region

Manila Quezon City Pasay Pasig Marikina Mandaluyong Malabon San Juan Taguig Paraaque Las Pias Muntinlupa Makati Caloocan Navotas Valenzuela Pateros

Cordillera Administrative Region Abra Bangued Apayao Kabugao Benguet La Trinidad Ifuga0 Lagawe Kalinga - Tabuk

Region 1: Ilocos
Ilocos Norte Laoag Ilocos Sur Vigan La Union San Fernando Pangasinan - Lingayen

Region 2: Cagayan Valley

Batanes Basco Cagayan Tuguegarao Nueva Vizcaya Bayombong Isabela Ilagan Quirino - Cabarroguis

Region 3: Central Luzon

Aurora Baler Bataan Balanga Bulacan Bulacan Nueva Ecija Palayan City Pampanga San Fernando Tarlac- Tarlac

Region 4A:CALABARZON
Batangas Batangas City Cavite Trece Martires Laguna Santa Cruz Rizal Antipolo City Quezon - Lucena

Zambales - Iba

Region 4B: MIMAROPA

Occidental Mindoro

Region 5: Bicol
Albay Legazpi Camarines Norte Daet Camarines Sur Pili Catanduanes Virac Sorsogon - Sorsogon

Mamburao Oriental Mindoro Calapan Marinduque Boac Romblon Romblon Palawan Puerto Princesa

Region 6: Western Visayas

Aklan Kalibo Antique San Jose Capiz R0xas City Guimaras Jordan Iloilo Iloilo City Negros Occidental - Bacolod

Region 7: Central Visayas

Bohol Tagbilaran Cebu Cebu City Negros Oriental

Dumaguete Siquijor- Siquijor

Region 8: Eastern Visayas

Biliran Naval Eastern Samar Borongan Leyte Tacloban Northern Samar Catarman Samar Catbalogan Southern Leyte - Maasin

Region 8: Zamboanga Peninsula Zamboanga del Norte Dipolog Zamboanga del Sur Pagadian Zamboanga Sibugay - Ipil

Region 10: Northern Mindanao

Bukidnon Malaybalay Camiguin Mambajao Lanao del Norte Tubod Misamis Occidental

Region 11: Davao Region

Compostela Valley

Oroquieta Misamis Oriental Cagayan de Oro

Nabunturan Davao del Norte Tagum Davao del Sur Digos Davao Oriental - Mati

Region 12: SOCCKSARGEN

South Cotabato Koronadal Cotabat0 Kidapawan Saranggani Alabel Sultan Kudarat - Isulan

Region 13: CARAGA

Agusan del Norte Butuan Agusan del Sur Prosperidad Dinagat Island- San Jose Surigao del Norte Surigao

City Surigao del Sur Tandag

ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

Basilan Isabela de Basilan Lanao del Sur Marawi Maguindanao Shariff Aguak Shariff Kabunsuan Datu

Odin Sinsuat Sulu Jolo Tawi-Tawi Panglima Sugala

Mountains
Sierra Madre

considered as the longest continuous mountain in the Philippines

 Western Caraballo mountain ranges which is divided

into Northern and Central Cordillera. Caraballo de Baler Baler, Aurora to Mayon Volcano in Albay and Bulusan Volcano in Sorsogon. Zambales Range begins from Bolinao, Pangasinan and ends in Bataan. Tagaytay Range crosses the province of Batangas

 Eastern Range Surigao

Central Eastern Mountain Range Butuan and

extends to Agusan del Sur. Central Western Mountain Range Mt. Apo and extends to Cotabato and Zamboanga

Rivers
Cagayan River Longest

River Agno River- Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan and Tarlac Agusan River Second longest river Pampanga River third longest river

Plains
Central Plain of Luzon

largest plain Cagayan Valley second largest Cotabato valley largest inland plains

Volcanoes
Mayon Volcano Albay
Taal Batangas Pinatubo Zambales

Bulusan Sorsogon
Hibok Hibok

Camiguin Kanlaon Negros Oriental

Natural Wonders and Scenic Spots

Ifugao Rice Terraces Considered as one of the 8th wonder

 Famous for its almost

perfect cone

 Mt. Apo the

Philippines highest peak 2,958 ft. above sea level

 Philippine Deep

Philippines lowest point 34,440 ft. below sea level

 Chocolate hills Bohol

 Hundred Islands

Pangasinan Main islands Governor Quezon Children

 Maria Cristina Falls Source of hydro electric power in Lanao del Norte

 Pagsanjan Falls Laguna Magdapio falls

 Mt. Banahaw - Quezon

 Callao Caves - Cagayan

Land Bridge Theory

States that the Philippines was part of mainland Asia

but during the post glacial period the world ice melted causing the rise of water level submerging the lower regions which included the land bridges linking mainland China and the Philippines. What were not submerged became the Philippine Archipelago.

Mu or Lemuria
Philippines and Indonesia were remnants of Pacific

continent which sunk during prehistoric period

Influenced by the legend of the Lost Continent of

Atlantis popularized by early European writers.

Volcanic in Origin
Dr. Brailey Willis and Dr. Fritjof Voss maintain that the

Philippines is volcanic in origin

Voss found out that the Chinas earth doesnt extend to

the Philippines which disputed the land bridge theory

Migration Theory
Dr. Henry Otley Beyer Roughly about 250,000 BC

the Dawn Man, the first settlers of the Philippines, first appeared through the land bridges connecting mainland Asia and the Philippines. They reached the Philippines while hunting rhinoceros, wild boar and other prehistoric animals.

Prehistoric ancestors
Pygmies or Negritos
First inhabitants Have primitive culture:

nomadic, no form of government, no system of writing, no arts and science

Indonesians
Considered to be the First

Sea Immigrants Came in two waves Lived in organized villages, knew how to use copper tools Said to be the ancestors of the Ibanags, Kalingas, Apayaos, Ifugaos and Igorots

Malay
Came in three groups: Head hunting Malays

Ancestors of Bontoks Ancestors of the Tagalogs, Ilocanos and Visayans

Alphabet using Malays

Muslim Malays

Ancestors of Filipino Muslims

East Asian River System Theory

Dr. Peter Bellwood
Based on archaeological and linguistic studies, the

early settlers came from mainland Asia, and not South East Asia contrary to the Migration Theory.