Growth

Cost
Improving Labour Productivity Reducing Cost Improve and simplify Work Method @!#$........

Employees
Work Hard Productivity

Work Study
Forms the basis for work system design Identification of the most effective means of

achieving necessary functions. Improves the existing and proposed ways of doing work and establishes standard times for work performance.

Work Study
Enhances the production efficiency. Identify

non-value adding operations by investigation of all the factors affecting the job.

Accurate and systematic procedure oriented

technique to establish time standards.

Contributes to the profit.

Frame Work of Work Study

Work Study

Method Study
Motion Study

Work Measurement
Time Study

Higher Productivity

Advantages of Work Study

Smooth production flow. Reduce the cost of the product. Better worker-management relations. Meets the delivery commitment. Higher utilisation of resources. Better working conditions. Standardisation and simplification. Helps to establish the standard time for an

operation or job.

Method Study
Method study is the systematic recording and

critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs. The main purpose of method study is to eliminate the unnecessary operations and to achieve the best method of performing the operation.

The method study man should have

The desire and determination to produce

results. Ability to achieve results. An understanding of the human factors involved.

Objectives of Method Study

Present and analyse true facts concerning the

situation. To examine those facts critically. To develop the best answer possible under given circumstances based on critical examination of facts.

Scope of Method Study

To improve work methods and procedures. To determine the best sequence of doing work. To smoothen material flow with minimum of back

tracking and to improve layout. To improve the working conditions and hence to improve labour efficiency. To reduce monotony in the work. To improve plant utilisation and material utilisation. Elimination of waste and unproductive operations. To reduce the manufacturing costs through reducing cycle time of operations.

Steps or Procedure Involved in Methods Study

Select Record Examine Develop Evaluate Define Install Maintain

Method Study Procedure

Select
Work with economic advantage

Maintain
Verify at regular intervals

Record
All facts about the operation

Install
Improved method plan

Examine
The facts critically & seek alternatives

Define
Method, procedure, layout, quality instruction etc

Develop
An improved method

Evaluate
Different alternatives

Selection of the Job for Method Study

Improvement in quality with lesser

scrap. Increased production through better utilisation of resources. Elimination of unnecessary operations and movements. Improved layout. Improved working conditions.

Recording techniques for method study

Charts
Micro motion Charts Macro Motion Charts

Diagrams
Flow Diagram String Diagram

Charts are used to study

Adequate description of the activities. Whether the charting is for present

or

proposed method. Specific reference to when the activities will begin and end. Time and distance scales used wherever necessary. The date of charting and the name of the person who does charting.

Macro Motion Charts

Operation Process Charts Flow Process Charts Two Handed Process Charts Multiple Activity Charts

Op era

Details of Method
Requisition made by department head Put in pick-up basket To accounting department Account and signature verified Amount approved by treasurer Amount counted by cashier Amount recorded by bookkeeper Petty cash sealed in envelope Petty cash carried to department Petty cash checked against requisition Receipt signed Petty cash stored in safety box

Mo ve

Stor age

Ins pec t

Del ay

FLOW PROCESS CHARTANALYST PAGE Job Requisition of petty cash Chandola 1 of 2

me nt

ti o n

ion

Micro Motion Charts

SIMO (Simultaneous Motion Cycle) Charts

Motion Study
Motion study is the systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation.

Motion Study..
Motion study principles Analysis of therbligs - basic elemental motions into

which a job can be broken down

Micromotion study - use of motion pictures and

slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze

Motion study principles

Guidelines for designing motion-efficient

work procedures.
Use of Human body Arrangement of the Work Place Design of tools and equipments

Therbligs
When the motion begins The nature of the motion When the motion ends

Therbligs
Basic elemental motions that make up a job. Search Select Grasp Hold Transport loaded Release load Assemble

Working Conditions
T e m H u m p e r a t u r e id it y V& e n t i l a t i o n

I llu m

in a t io n

o lo r

Working Conditions..
Noise & Vibration Work Breaks

Safety

Causes of Accidents

WORK MEASUREMENT
Time study Essential for the planning and controlling of

the operations.

Work Measurement
Work

measurement is the application or techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level or performance.

Work Measurement.
Standard time Stopwatch time study Historical times Predetermined data Work Sampling

Objective of Work Measurement

Comparing alternative methods. Assessing the correct manpower requirement

planning Planning and control. Realistic costing. Financial incentive schemes. Delivery date of goods. Cost reduction and cost control. Identifying substandard workers. Training new employees.

Standard Time
The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specific task, working at a sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw materials, and workplace arrangement.

Stopwatch Time Study

Development of a time standard based on

observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles. The basic steps in a time study:
Define the task to be studied 2. Determine the number of cycles to observe 3. Time the job 4. Compute the standard time
1.

Standard Elemental Times

Time standards derived from a firms

historical data. Steps for standard elemental times

Analyze the job 2. Check file for historical times 3. Modify file times if necessary 4. Sum elemental times to get normal time
1.

Predetermined Time Standards

Published data based on extensive research

to determine standard elemental times. Advantages:

Based on large number of workers under controlled conditions 2. Analyst not requires to rate performance 3. No disruption of the operation 4. Standards can be established
1.

Time Study
Performance Rating The operators effective speed of work relative to the observers concept of normal speed.

Performance Rating..
Normal Time = Observed Time x Rating

Allowances
Recovery from fatigue (4%) Relaxation Allowance (5%M, 7%W) Interference allowance Contingency allowance

Questions..

Questions..

Questions..