Computing II

Tutorial 1

Prepared by: Ng Mee Mee

About Me

 Name: Ng Mee Mee

 Contact Number: 019-7644738
 Email: meemeng@yahoo.com
 Time available for telephone tutoring
 From 9:00 am – 9:00 pm (Everyday)
 Time NOT to call
 After 9:00pm
Outlines

 Introduction
 Key Concepts of Unit 1
 Marking Scheme and TMA1 support
 Introduction to Wawasan Learn
Introduction to Computing II

 TCC102 Computing II is a continuation of

TCC101 Computing I.
 More advanced java programming concept is
introduced.
 *Advanced Arrays ( Assignment 1-15%)
 *OO features in classes ( Assignment 2-15%)
 Basic input/output stream
 *Graphical user interface (Assignment 3-20%)
 Data Structures
Tutorial Schedule

 Tutorial 1 – 29/7/07
 Tutorial 2 – 26/8/07 (TMA 1 due)
 Tutorial 3 – 23/9/07 (TMA 2 due)
 Tutorial 4 – 21/10/07(TMA 3 due)
 Tutorial 5 – 18/11/07
 *Please refer to your course material on page
10 for Suggested weekly reading
Course Assessment
Type Marks

TMA 1 15%

TMA 2 15%

TMA 3 20%

Final Exam 50%

100%
Course Materials

 TCC 102 Computing II

 Text Book
 Malik, D S (2005) Java Programming: From
Problem Analysis to Program Design, Boston:
Thomson Course Technology. ISBN:0-619-
21608-5
 WawasanLearn
 Online Support (refer page 12)
Key Concepts of Unit 1

 Apply simple arrays

 Solve problems with multi-dimensional arrays
 Apply searching algorithms on arrays
 Linear search and binary search
 Apply sorting algorithms
 Insertion sort
 Solve problem using recursion
TMA 1 (15%)
 Individual Assignment
 Submit hard copy of the TMA1 in word processed
(1.5 spacing) and must be labeled with your WOUID
and name.
 Due on 26/8/07
 Late submission
 Over 7 days
 Contact tutor before or on the due date
 Over 8 – 14 days
 Course Coordinator
 Up to 21 days
 Dean
 Introducing Arrays
Array is a data structure that represents a collection of the
same types of data.
The entire array Each value has a numeric index
has a single name

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

scores 79 87 94 82 67 98 87 81 74 91

An array of size N is indexed from zero to N-1

This array holds 10 values that are indexed from 0 to 9

Arrays vs. Variables
 A group of variable that  a variable is a location
takes up more than one in memory where you
physical address, but store a value
has only one logical  Each variable contains
address (name) one logical address and
 Example: one physical address
 int[ ] number= new  Example:
int[10];  int number;

Note: the logical address is the name you give the physical
address, because it’s easier to remember and use in coding
 Arrays

double[] myList = new double[10];

myList reference myList[0] 5.6

myList[1] 4.5 More than one
myList[2] 3.3 physical address
Array reference variable myList[3] 13.2
myList[4] 4
logical address myList[5] 34.33
myList[6] 34
Array element at myList[7] 45.45
index 5 myList[8] 99.993 Element value
myList[9] 11123
Variable

double list = 34;

list 34.0 value

one physical
Variable’s name
address
logical address
Type of Arrays
 Primitive
 double[ ] myList = new double[10];
 double[ ] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};
 int[ ] marks = new int[20];
 char[ ] chars={'a','A','4','F','D','P'};

 Non-primitive
 String[ ] name = new String[5];
 Item[ ] items = new Item[1000];
Integer Arrays Demo
 public class ArrayDemo
 {
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 //declare an int array with 5 elements
 int testScores[] = new int [5];

 //populate the elements
 testScores[0] = 75;
 testScores[1] = 65;
 testScores[2] = 80;
 testScores[3] = 95;
 testScores[4] = 75;

 //display element contents
 System.out.println("test score 1 = " + testScores[0]);
 System.out.println("test score 2 = " + testScores[1]);
 System.out.println("test score 3 = " + testScores[2]);
 System.out.println("test score 4 = " + testScores[3]);
 System.out.println("test score 5 = " + testScores[4]);

 //compute average using length attributes
 double average = 0;
 for (int i = 0; i < testScores.length; i ++)
 {
 average += testScores[i];
 }
 average = average / 5;
 System.out.println("average score is" + average);
 }
 }
String Arrays Demo
 public class StringArray
 {

 public static void main(string[] args)
 {
 int i;
 String names[];//declare the array
 names = new String[4];//allocate the array

 //String names[ ] = {“Evi”,”Yui”,”Anita”,”Kim”};

 //assign values to each array element
 names[0] = "Evi";
 names[1] = "yui";
 names[2] = "anita";
 names[3] = "kim";

 //display the names
 for(i=0; i< names.length; i++)
 System.out.println("names[" + i +"] is " + names[i]);
 }
 }
Problems

 Write a java program to calculate the

average marks of 5 students in a class
 Write a java program to calculate the
average marks of 100 students in a class
Solution for Question 1
1. public class Question1 {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. double student1 = 67;
5. double student2 = 70;
6. double student3 = 30;
7. double student4 = 50;
8. double student5 = 78;
9.
10. double total = student1 + student2 + student3 + student4 + student5;
11. double average = total/5;
12.
13. System.out.println("the total mark of five students:" + total);
14. System.out.println("the average mark of five students:" + average);
15. }
16. }
Solution for Question 2
1. import javax.swing.*;
2. public class Question2
3. {
4. public static void main(String[ ] args)
5. {
6. String s1;
7. int i;
8. double total=0.00;
9. //int numbers[ ]; //declare the array
10. //numbers = new int[100]; //allocate the array
11. double students[ ] = new double[100];
12.
13. for(i = 0; i < students.length; i++) //enter the marks
14. {
15. s1 = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter a mark:");
16. students[i] = Double.parseDouble(s1);
17. }
18. System.out.println("The average mark of 100 students ");
19. //display elements of arrays and the total
20. for(i = 0; i< students.length; i++)
21. {
22. System.out.print(" " + students[i]);
23. total = total + students[i];
24. }
25. System.out.print(" is " + total/students.length);
26. System.exit(0);
27. }
28. }
TMA 1 – Question 1a
Code to Read/Input Data into
Array
for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
sales[index] = console.nextDouble();

Code to Print/Output Array

for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
System.out.print(sales[index] + " ");
Passing Arrays to Methods vs.
Passing a Variable to Methods
 For a parameter   For a parameter 
of an array type,  of a primitive 
the value of the  type value, the 
parameter  actual value is 
contains a  passed. 
reference to an   changing the 
array; this  value of the 
reference is  local parameter 
passed to the  inside the method 
method. does not affect 
  Any changes to  the value of the 
the array that  variable outside 
occur inside the  the method.
method body will 
 Example: Passing Arrays to
Methods
public class ArrayLength{
public static void main(String[] args){
double[ ] myList=new double[4];
myList[0] = 1.9;
myList[1] = 2.9;
myList[2] = 3.4;
myList[3] = 3.5;
printArray(myList); //valid call to method printArray

}
public static void printArray(double[ ] list){
for(int i=0; i < list.length; i++){
System.out.println(list[i]);
}
}
}
 Example: Pass by Value
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
int x =1; // x repersents an int values
int[] y = new int[10]; // y represents an array of int values

m(x,y); //invoke m with argunment x and y

System.out.println("x is " + x);
System.out.println("y[0] is " + y[0]);
}
public static void m(int number, int[] numbers){
number=1001;//assign a new value to number
numbers[0]=5555;//assign a new value to numbers[0]

}
}
TMA 1 – Question 1b
public class ArrayLength{
public static void main(String[] args){
double[ ] myList=new double[4];
myList[0] = 1.9;
myList[1] = 2.9;
myList[2] = 3.4;
myList[3] = 3.5;
printArray(myList); //valid call to method printArray

}
public static void printArray(double[ ] list){
for(int i=0; i < list.length; i++){
System.out.println(list[i]);
}
}
}
Two Dimensional Arrays
 A one-dimensional array stores a list of elements
 A two-dimensional array can be thought of as a table of
elements, with rows and columns

one two
dimension dimensions
Two Dimensional
Arrays,cont
 To be precise, a two-dimensional array in Java is an array of
arrays
 A two-dimensional array is declared by specifying the size of
each dimension separately:
int[][] scores = new int[12][50];
 A two-dimensional array element is referenced using two
index values
value = scores[3][6]
 The array stored in one row or column can be specified using
one index
TMA 1 – Question 1c (i)

0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 3

1 1 1 4 5 6

2 2 7 2 7 8 9

3 3 3 10 11 12

4 4 int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3},
matrix = new int[5][5]; matrix[2][1] = 7; {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}
};

rows columns
Example: Two Dimensional
Arrays


public class TwoDimensional{
public static void main(String[] args){
 int[][] array={
 {1,2,3},
 {4,5,6},
 {7,8,9},
 {10,11,12,2,7}
 };
 //print the table
 for(int row=0;row<array.length;row++){
 for(int col=0;col<array[row].length;col++)
 System.out.print(array[row][col] + "\t");
 System.out.println();
 }
 System.out.println("the number of column in the 4th row of
array:" + array[3].length);
 System.out.println("the number of rows in array:" +
array.length);
 }
 }
TMA 1 – Question 1c (ii)&(iii)

 Refer Malik textbook on page 570-577.

TMA 1 – Question 2a,2b & 2c
 public class TwoDimensional{
 public static void main(String[] args){
 //define a constant for the array size
 final int ARRAY_SIZE = 3;

 int[][] array=new int[ARRAY_SIZE][ARRAY_SIZE];


 //print the table
 for(int row=0;row<array.length;row++){
 for(int col=0;col<array[row].length;col++)
 array[row][col] =row + col;
 }

 for(int row=0;row<array.length;row++){
 for(int col=0;col<array[row].length;col++)
 System.out.print(array[row][col] + "\t");
 System.out.println();
 }
 }
 }

Refer Malik textbook on page 570-577.

List Processing
 List: A set of values of the same type.
 Basic operations performed on a list:
 Search list for given item.
 Sort list.
 Insert item in list.
 Delete item from list.
Search
 Necessary components to search a list:
 Array containing the list.
 Length of the list.
 Item for which you are searching.
 After search completed:
 If item found, report “success” and return location
in array.
 If item not found, report “failure.”
Sequential or Linear Search
 Search the list for a given item starting with
the first element in the list
 It continues comparing this item with the
elements in the list until either the item is
found, or the list has no more elements left to
compare with search item.
 If a item is found, the linear 
search returns the index of the 
element in the array that matches 
the item. 
 If no item is found, the search 
returns ­1.
 Example: Linear Search
public class LinearSearch{
public static void main(String[ ] args){
int[ ] list={1,4,4,2,5,-3,6,2};
System.out.println(linearSearch(list,4));
System.out.println(linearSearch(list,-4));
System.out.println(linearSearch(list,-3));
}
public static int linearSearch(int[ ] list, int key){
for(int i=0; i <list.length; i++)
if(key==list[i])
return i;
return -1;
}
}

See Example 10.1 on page 613 (Malik text book)

TMA 1 – Question 3a

 Refer Malik text book on page 610-614.

Binary Search
 Can only be performed on a sorted list.
 Search item is compared with middle
element of list.
 If search item < middle element of list,
search is restricted to first half of the list.
 If search item > middle element of list,
search is restricted to second half of the
list.
 If search item = middle element, search is
complete.
 Binary Search Algorithm
Determine whether 75 is in the list.
Example: Binary Search
 public class BinarySearch{
 public static void main(String[] args){
 int[] list={0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80};
 System.out.println(binarySearch(list,20));
 System.out.println(binarySearch(list,60));
 System.out.println(binarySearch(list,45));
 }
 public static int binarySearch(int[] list, int key){
 int first=0;
 int last=list.length-1;


 while(last>=first){
 int mid=(first+last)/2;
 if(key<list[mid])
 last=mid-1;
 else if(key==list[mid])
 return mid;
 else
 first=mid+1;
 }
 return -first-1;
 }
 }
TMA 1 – Question 3b

 Refer Malik text book on page 633-638

Insertion Sort
The insertion sort algorithm sorts the list by moving each element
to its proper place.
Insertion Sort
Insertion Sort
Insertion Sort
 Insertion Sort
public static void insertionSort(int[] list,
int noOfElements)
{
int firstOutOfOrder, location;
int temp;
for (firstOutOfOrder = 1;
firstOutOfOrder < noOfElements;
firstOutOfOrder++)
if (list[firstOutOfOrder] < list[firstOutOfOrder - 1])
{
temp = list[firstOutOfOrder];
location = firstOutOfOrder;
do
{
list[location] = list[location - 1];
location--;
}
while(location > 0 && list[location - 1] > temp);
list[location] = temp;
}
} //end insertionSort
TMA 1 – Question 3c

 Refer Malik text book on page 623-630

TMA 1 – Question 4a & 4b

 Refer Malik text book 633-638