This document outlines properties of the sun and its energy transport mechanisms. It discusses the sun's spectral type, age, composition, temperature, luminosity, and other key properties. It then describes the three main energy transport mechanisms of radiation, convection, and conduction. Finally, it provides details on the various internal layers and atmospheric parts of the sun including the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, and sunspots.
This document outlines properties of the sun and its energy transport mechanisms. It discusses the sun's spectral type, age, composition, temperature, luminosity, and other key properties. It then describes the three main energy transport mechanisms of radiation, convection, and conduction. Finally, it provides details on the various internal layers and atmospheric parts of the sun including the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, and sunspots.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document outlines properties of the sun and its energy transport mechanisms. It discusses the sun's spectral type, age, composition, temperature, luminosity, and other key properties. It then describes the three main energy transport mechanisms of radiation, convection, and conduction. Finally, it provides details on the various internal layers and atmospheric parts of the sun including the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, and sunspots.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Faculty of Arts and Letters University of Santo Tomas Outline of the Lecture Properties of the [our] Sun Sun and the concept of Temperature Energy transport mechanisms of the Sun Parts of the Sun Properties of the Sun Spectral Type of Star – G2 V Age – 4,600 million years Mean Distance to Earth – 150 Million Kilometers (1 AU) Rotation Period (equator) – 26.8 days Radius – 695,000 Kilometers Composition – 71% Hydrogen [H], 26.5% Helium [He], 2.5% Other Mass – 1.99 x 1030 Kilograms Effective Surface Temperature – 6,000 oC Core Temperature – 15 million oC Luminosity [Energy Output] – 3.83 x 1033 ergs / second Solar Constant – 0.137 Watts / cm2 Inclination of Solar Equator to Ecliptic – 7.25o Absolute Zero Lowest temperature theoretically possible, characterized by complete absence of heat. Absolute zero is -273.15°C (-459.67°F), or zero degrees on the Kelvin scale (0 K). Energy Transport Mechanisms of the Sun 1. Radiation – Energy is carried by photons of all wavelengths. 2. Convection – Energy is transported by the bulk motion of materials. 3. Conduction – No bulk transport of matter or radiation takes place. Corona 2,000,000 K Outermost part of the solar atmosphere Faint white halo around the sun Coronal holes – emanation of solar winds Coronagraph – invented by Bernard Lyot Chromosphere Chromos (color) 15,000 K Not seen as spherical shell Spicules – visualized as cylinders about 700 kms across and 7000 kms tall Photosphere Photos (light) Limb darkening Granulation Granule – 1,000 kilometers across Convective zone – 5 minute oscillation Sunspots 3,800 K Appear dark when seen in white light Cooler areas of the solar surface Magnetic Lines of Force (Magnetic Field Lines) 1610 – Galilee, Scheiner, and Harriot 1850 – Sunspot cycle (11 years) 1908 – Hale 1645-1715– No Sunspots Maunder minimum – Walter Maunder Solar Plages – Bright areas that surround the sunspot Solar Flares 5,000,000 K 20 minutes Solar storms Aurora borealis Aurora australis Solar Prominences Filaments on the limb of the sun 3,000 – 7,000 K 10 – 100,000 kilometers high Solar Flare and Solar Prominence Solar Winds 10 days to reach the earth Solar wind Solar Constant The amount of solar energy that passes through each square centimeter of space at the average distance of the earth from the sun every second.