ABUSED DRUGS

 RA 9165 Government forensic lab or lab accredited and monitored by DOH Screening and Confirmatory (Service capability) Mandatory or Random (Clientele) Valid for ONE year from date of issue POSITIVE screening lab test must be confirmed for it to be valid.
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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Mandatory
Drivers license Firearms license Permit to carry firearms outside of residence Officers and members of the military, police and other law enforcement agencies All persons who by nature of their profession carry firearms

 Persons charged of imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1 day Any person arrested for violating RA 9165
Screened test within 24 hours Confirmed within 15 days

Candidates for public office

Random
High School and College students Officers and employees of public and private offices

AMPHETAMINES
Examples: Amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine). Metamphetamine: also known as Speed, Ice, Chalk, Meth, Crystal, Crank, Fire, Shabu, Poor Mans Cocaine Medical uses: Attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity) of childhood, narcolepsy, obesity (occasionally and for limited period) Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, increased ability to concentrate, increased alertness, heightened ability to perform intellectual and physical tasks, appetite suppression (for weight loss).

Methamphetamine (TIK)

Ecstasy (methylenedioxymethapetamineMDMA): also known as E, X, XTC, Adam, Clarity, Lovers Speed. The drug comes in different tablet forms and styles to avoid recognition by authorities.

 Adverse effects: Insomnia, restlessness, irritability, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, sweating, dilation of pupils, confusion, psychosis, convulsions, death. How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injected intravenously; occasionally snorted into the nose in granular form. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL Period detectable after last dose: Up to 30 hours on low dose, 120 hours on high dose.

Stages of a TIK use Rush ( 20 40 minutes) High ( 3 days ) Binge Crash

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Methods of use

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Discuss the implications of this experiment: Low dose ecstasy was given to an isolated rat. There was no visible effect on the rat but the animals brain biopsy revealed minimal damage. But when the same dose was given to 20 rats confined together in a cage, all rats died and brain biopsy revealed severe damage.

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Dilated pupil - stimulant intoxication

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Effects of TIK Abuse

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Tik : not a great injectionable drug

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Abscesses caused by cranking (injecting Meth intravenously)

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Dental problems caused by Meth

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Meth needle marks

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Before

After

The following poem was written by a young girl who was in jail for drug charges, and was addicted to crystal meth (TIC). She wrote this while in jail. As you will soon read, she fully grasped the horrors of the drug, as she tells in this simple, yet profound poem. She was released from jail, but true to her story, the drug owned her.

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Substances causing false positive results (on initial drug screen only):
decongestants (ephedrine [Vatronol, Efedron], phenylpropanolamine [Propagest, Sucrets Decongestant Formula, Rhindecon]); "diet pills" (phenmetrazine [Preludin], phentermine [Phentrol, Tora, Fastin, Obe-Nix, Obephen, Obermine, Obestin, Parmine, Phentamine, Phentrol 2, Unifast, Wilpowr, Adipex-P, Dapex-37.5, Ionamin, Phentrol], phenylpropanolamine [Diadax, Prolamine, Control, Dex-A-Diet, Dexatrim15, Unitrol, Maximum Strength Acutrim, Appedrine]; blood vessel dilators (isoxuprine [Vasodilan], nylidrin [Adrin, Arlidin]). Only confirmatory testing of the urine will determine if these interfering drugs are present. It should be noted that some of these drugs, such as phenmetrazine and phentermine, while not technically amphetamines, have similar abuse potential and similar adverse effects.

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 Phenylethylamine (a product of decomposing, unpreserved urine) may produce false-positive screens in unrefrigerated, old specimens which have not been treated with fluoride preservative.

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BARBITURATES
Examples:Long acting phenobarbital; intermediate-acting- amobarbital (Amytal), butabarbital, talbutal; short-actingsecobarbital (Seconal), pentobarbital (Nembutal). Medical uses: Treatment of insomnia (short term only, and avoided altogether by most physicians), long-term treatment of epilepsy (phenobarbital), surgical anesthesia. Effects attractive to abuser: Sedation, loss of inhibitions, induction of sleep. Generally, the

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 Adverse effects: Agitation, confusion, nightmares, hallucinations, lethargy, hangover, suppression of breathing reflexes, coma, death. Physical dependence is well known, and withdrawal effects can be severe and dangerous, even fatal. How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injected intravenously. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL

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 Period detectable after last dose: long-acting 7 days, intermediate-acting 2-3 days; shortacting 1-2 days. Substances causing false positive results: None reported.

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METHADONE
Examples: Roxane, Dolophine Medical uses: Treatment of opiate addicts in approved program Effects attractive to abuser: Same as opiates (below) Adverse effects: Same as opiates (below) but with lesser degree of physical dependency (addiction) How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injected intravenously.
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 Period detectable after last dose: 7.5-56 hours Substances causing false positive results: doxylamine [Unisom Nighttime Sleep Aid]. Presence of this substance would be ruled out by confirmatory testing.

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OPIATES
Examples: Morphine, heroin, codeine (as found in many prescription cough medicines, such as Robitussin-AC, and pain medications, such as Tylenol #3, Phenaphen #3 & #4, Empirin #3 & #4), oxycodone (Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), hydrocodone (as in many prescription cough medicines).

Medical uses: Relief of moderate to severe pain, treatment of persistent cough (codeine), treatment of diarrhea.
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Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation.

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 Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, confusion, nausea, vomiting, suppression of breathing reflexes, constricted pupils, physical addiction, coma, death. How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injected intravenously or subcutaneously; occasionally snorted into the nose in granular form. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL Period detectable after last dose: heroin, 1-4 days; meperidine, 4-24 hours; morphine, 84 hour minimum

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Notes: This family of drugs undergoes extensive chemical changes due to the normal detoxification processes of the body. Therefore, the drug detected in the urine screen may not be the same as that originally taken by the subject. For instance, both heroin and codeine are converted to morphine before excretion in the urine.
Substances causing false positive results: none reported; however, foods containing poppy seeds (the natural source of traditional opiate drugs) will produce true positive results when screening the urine of an otherwise innocent subject.

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BENZODIAZEPINES
Examples: Diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), flurazepam (Dalmane), oxazepam (Serax), lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Clonopin). Medical uses: Treatment of anxiety disorders, convulsions, and muscle spasms. Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation, relief of anxiety, induction of sleep.
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 Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, fatigue, decreased activity level, dizziness, fainting, impaired ability to concentrate on tasks, disturbance of vision and hearing, physical addiction. How abused: Pills taken orally. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL

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 Period detectable after last dose: around 2-4 days, but depending greatly on dose. For instance, a single 10 mg PO dose of diazepam may not ever be detected, but a 5 times daily dose of 10 mg will be detectable for 3-7 days. Substances causing false positive results: none reported.

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CANNABINOIDS
Examples: Marijuana, hashish, hash oil Medical uses: Treatment of nausea and vomiting due to cancer chemotherapy. Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, intensified sensual and aesthetic perceptions. Adverse effects: Paranoia, panic, impairment of memory and ability to perform tasks, distorted perception of time, physical and

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 MARIJUANA also known as Weed, Pot, Grass, Reefer, Ganja, Mary Jane, Blunt, Joint, Roach, Nail

Forms of Marijuana: Dried green leaves of cannabis plant usually rolled in cigarette paper and smoked in joint pipe or bong (larger pipe designed to send more smoke to lungs). Roach clip is used to hold tiny butt of joints. Marijuana is sometimes baked in brownies or cookies to avoid lung irritation.

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 Marijuana affects your health. Marijuana limits your bodys ability to resist infection. Long term use increases the risk of developing mental illness. Marijuana smoke irritates the throat and lungs and has more tar than cigarette smoke. Frequent use is linked to increase risk of lung cancer, bronchitis, and emphysema. It speeds up heartbeat and blood pressure.
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 Hash (more potent form of tetrahydrocannabinol or THC), brown substance made of pressed resin from cannabis, Hash Oil, the most potent condensed THC, is distilled liquid resin, often added to a joint. Marijuana can laced with other dangerous drugs without your knowledge.
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