LS

16

UTMGRS67TM
TWD97
(WGS84TM)

(Four parameters similarity coordinate

transformation)(Conformal coordinate
transformation)
(Six parameters transformation)
(Affine coordinate transformation )
(Eight parameters transformation)
(Projective coordinate transformation)
(Polynomial coordinate transformation)
(3D conformal coordinate transformation

(Two dimensional
conformal coordinate transformation)

(Scaling)

(Rotation)

(Translation)

Scaling

Rotation

Translation

x=sx
y=sy

X=xcos-ysin
Y=xsin+ycos

X=X+TX
Y=Y+TY

y
Y

Y
Y1

Ty

Tx

x1

X1
1
y1

X S cos x S sin y TX

Y S sin x S cos y TY

a S cos
c TX

b S sin
d TY

ax by c X v X
ay bx d Y vY

abcd


axa by a c X A v X A
ay a bxa d Y A vYA
axb byb c X B v X B
ayb bxb d YB vYB
axc byc c X C v X C
ayc bxc d YC vYC

AX L V
xa
y
a
xb
A
yb
xc

y c

ya
xa
yb
xb
yc
xc

1 0
0 1
1 0

0 1
1 0

0 1

a
b
X
c

d
v X A
v
YA
v X B
V

v
YB
v X
C
vYC

X A
Y
A
X B
L
YB
X C

YC
b
tan
a
a
S
cos
1

(x, y)A
BC1234AB
C(E, N)1234

A
B
C
1
2
3
4

1049422.40-0.004
1049413.95-0.004
1049244.95+0.004

51089.20+0.029
49659.30+0.077
49884.95-0.106

121.622
141.228
175.802
174.148
513.520
754.444
972.788

-128.066
187.718
135.728
-120.262
-192.130
-67.706
120.994

ABC(E, N)(x,
y)AL

abcd



1234
(x, y)
(E, N)

X S X cos x S Y sin y T X

Y S X sin x S Y cos y TY
ax by c X v X
dx ey f Y vY

(x, y)
(X, Y)

1
3
5
7
306
307

-113.000
0.001
112.998
0.001

0.003
112.993
0.003
-112.999

x
0.764
5.062
9.663
5.350
1.746
5.329

y
5.960
10.541
6.243
1.654
9.354
9.463

Sx

Sy

0.026
0.024
0.028
0.024

0.028
0.030
0.022
0.026

a1 x b1 y c1
X
a3 x b3 y 1
a 2 x b2 y c 2
Y
a3 x b3 1


a3b30

a
1 0

b
1 0

c
1 0

a x b1 y c1
X
1
x
2
a3
a3 x b3 y 1

0
Y

a 2

b2

c 2

a
3 0
Y

a
3 0

a x b1 y c1
X
1
y
2
b3
a3 x b3 y 1

da1
db
1
X dc1

da

b
3 0 2 X X 0
Y db2 Y Y0

b
dc
3 0 2
da
3
db3

a3b30

17.3 17.3

X
Y
x
y
1 1420.407
895.362
90.0 90.0
2
895.887
351.398
50.0 40.0
3 -944.926
641.434 -30.0 20.0
4
968.084 -1384.138
50.0 -40.0
5 1993.262 -2367.511 110.0 -80.0
6 -3382.284 3487.762 -100.0 80.0
7
-60.0 20.0
8
-10.0 -10.0

Sx
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

Sy
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3


a1= 25.00274
b1=
0.80064
c1= -134.71526
a2= -8.00771
b2= 24.99811
c2= -149.81543
a3=
0.00400
b3=
0.00200

0.01538
0.01896
0.37695
0.00954
0.01350
0.39789
0.00001
0.00001

Adj.X
Adj.Y
vX
vY
1 1420.165
895.444 -0.242 0.082
2
896.316
351.296 0.429 -0.102
3 -944.323
641.710 0.603 0.276
4
967.345 -1384.079 -0.739 0.059
5 1993.461 -2367.676 0.199 -0.165
6 -3382.534 3487.612 -0.250 -0.150

x
y
X
Y
Sx Sy
7 -60.0 20.0 -2023.678 1038.310 1.717 0.602
8 -10.0 -10.0 -417.837 -340.142 0.660 0.619

Q8,8
0.000676151 0.000803033 -0.002907035 0.000324416 0.000492864 -0.001709011 0.000000458 0.000000593
0.000803033 0.001026928 -0.003478558 0.000412277 0.000612682 -0.003555519 0.000000569 0.000000726
-0.002907035 -0.003478558 0.405992544 0.001287902 0.000355578 -0.168923103 0.000000292 -0.000000947
0.000324416 0.000412277 0.001287902 0.000259976 0.000337663 -0.004535961 0.000000264 0.000000323
0.000492864 0.000612682 0.000355578 0.000337663 0.000520596 -0.005986673 0.000000384 0.000000482
-0.001709011 -0.003555519 -0.168923103 -0.004535961 -0.005986673 0.452354471 -0.000003162 -0.000002578
0.000000458 0.000000569 0.000000292 0.000000264 0.000000384 -0.000003162 0.000000000 0.000000000
0.000000593 0.000000726 -0.000000947 0.000000323 0.000000482 -0.000002578 0.000000000 0.000000001

GPS

xyz


X 1 M 1 X'
x1
X 1 y1
z1
z1

0
0
1
M 1 0 cos sin
0 sin cos
z

y1

x
X' y
z


X 2 M 2 X1
cos 0 sin
M 2 0
1
0
sin 0 cos

x2
X 2 y 2
z 2

z1

z2

x1
x2


X M 3X2
X
X Y
Z

cos
M 3 sin
0

sin
cos
0

0
0
1

X M 3 M 2 M 1 X' MX'
Y

y2
X

x2


m11 m12 m13
M m21 m22 m23
m31 m32 m33
m11 cos cos
m12 sin sin cos cos sin
m13 cos sin cos sin sin
m21 cos sin
m22 sin sin sin cos cos
m31 sin
m32 sin cos
m33 cos cos

X S m11 x m12 y m13 z Tx

Y S m21 x m22 y m23 z T y

Z S m31 x m32 y m33 z Tz

S
0

S
0

0
Y

0
Z

0
Y

0
Z

0
Y

0
Z

dS

1 0 0 d
d X X 0

0 1 0 d Y Y0
dT Z Z
0
x
0 0 1 dT y

dTz

t=/S
tt/2,

95%
t0.025,2=4.303

t
4.303

495%

t0.025,4=2.776
t2.776

a= 25.3697
b=
0.8221
c= -137.1844
d=
-0.8079
e= 25.4033
f= -150.7387

S
t Value
0.0242 1050.2
0.0242
34.0
0.2084 658.4
0.0242
33.4
0.0242 1050.1
0.2084 723.5

a 1 = 25.00274
b1=
0.80064
c 1 = -134.71526
a2=
-8.00771
b 2 = 24.99811
c 2 = -149.81543
a3=
0.00400
b3=
0.00200

S
t Value
0.01538 1625.3
0.01896
42.2
0.37695 357.4
0.00954 839.5
0.01350 1852.0
0.39789 376.5
0.00001 358.1
0.00001 141.5


17.117.6