SPATIAL DISORIENTATATION

Diajukan didepan Siswa dikkualsus di Lakespra Saryanto Jakarta

DEFINITION:
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A VARIETY OF INCIDENTS OCCURING IN FLIGHT WHERE THE AVIATOR FAILS TO SENSE CORECTLY THE POSITION, MOTION OR ATTITUDE OF HIS AIRCRAFT OR OF HIMSELF WITHIN THE FIXED COORDINATE SYSTEM PROVIDED BY THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH AND THE GRAVITIONAL VERTICAL

MECHANISM OF ORIENTATTION IN FLIGHT

INCIDENCE
ROYAL AIR FORCE 130 ACCIDENT 8,5% : SDO 6,1% : CONTRIBUTE BRITISH ARMY : 15,1% SDO 34% FATALITIES US ARMY HELICOPTER SDO 7% OF ACCIDENT 16% FATALITIES US GENERAL AVIATION 35.000 ACCIDENT 2,5% SDO 90% FATALITIES

INCIDENCE
INCIDENTS ARE QUITE NORMAL CAUSED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITATION OF SENSORY MECHANISMS ALL AVIATORS EXPERIENCE INCIDENCE INFLUENCED BY THE INDIVIDUAL AVIATORS CONCEPT SOME SAY NEVER SUFFER OTHERS SAY THEY HAVE SDO ON ALMOST EVERY FLIGHT

COMMON ILLUSIONS
FALSE PERCEPTION OF ATTITUDE - SOMATOGRAVIC ILLUSION - THE LEANS - OCULOGRAVIC ILLUSION FALSE PERCEPTION OF ANGULAR MOTION - SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION - OCULOGYRAL ILLUSION

 VISUAL ILLUSION DISORIENTATION DURING APROACH AND LANDING DISSOCIATIVE SENSATIONS ( THE BREAK OFF PHENOMENON )

SOMATOGRAVIC ILLUSIONS

SOMATOGRAVIC ILLUSION

THE LEANS

OCULOGRAVIC ILLUSION

SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION
THE GRAVEYARD SPIN

SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION
THE GRAVEYARD SPIRAL

VISUAL ILLUSIONS

VISUAL ILLUSION

VISUAL ILLUSION

VISUAL AUTOKINESIS

DISORIENTATION DURING APROACH AND LANDING

DISSOCIATIVE SENSATIONS ( THE BREAK OFF PHENOMENON )

PROPHYLAXIS
AIRCRAFT FACTORS - INSTRUMENTATION - COCKPIT ERGONOMICS OPERATIONAL FACTORS AIRCREW FACTORS - SELECTION - HEALTH - DRUGS TRAINING

PRACTICAL ADVICE
REMAIN CONVINCED THAT U CANT FLY BY THE SEAT OF THE PANTS DO NOT ALLOW CONTROL OF THE AIRCRAFT TO BE BASED ON SEAT OF THE PANTS SENSATIONS EVEN WHEN URE TEMPORARILY DEPRIVED OF VISUAL CUES AIM TO MAKE AN EARLY TRANSITION TO INSTRUMENTS IN POOR VISIBILITY AVOID UNNECESSARY MANOEUVRES

BE PARTICULARLY VIGILANT IN HIGH RISK SITUATIONS, SUCH AS AT NIGHT /POOR VISIBILITY DO NOT FLY WHEN : -HAVE URTI -UNDER INFLUENCE OF DRUG&ALCOHOL -WHEN MENTALLY/PHYSICALLY DEBILITATED

REMEMBER; EXPERIENCE DOESNT MAKE U IMMUNE.

CONTOH KASUS
In good weather the pilot make a take off over water and expressed concern about clearing some barbed wire near the waters edge. The co pilot was busy tuning radios during take off.The pilot stated,while glancung at the rpm,my only recollection of the water was the white glare off the water from the sun. Before my glance at the rpm returned to outside the cockpit, we hit the water. The aircraft was seen to descend in a nose low atitude,striking the water left skid first ,then nose over and sink about 600 feet from the shore

CONTOH KASUS
A flight of 10 aircraft,while inserting troops into a field site,received warning to expect dusty conditions. As the flight neared termination, rotor raised dust began to engulf the entire flight.The no 6 aircraf the moved left in an attempt to ovoid dust as did several other aircraf.When visibility went completely IMC,the pilot momentarily hovered the aircraf at about 6 feet,then decided to try a level setdown the pilot misjudged the altitude / rate of descent aircraf landed hard,breaking off the tailboom.Or other aircraf landed without mishap.

CONTOH KASUS
After flying for 6 hours, the crew was assigned a routine nigth flight. Both pilots were sligthly perturbed over having to make the flight. The pilot was known to be apprehensive in the past about night flight. As the aircraft approached the field, the pilots asked that tower light be turned off because they blinded them,the tower obliged,with the only remaining light coming from a flashlight held by the ground handler.

The pilot continued the approach without turning on landing light or searchlight.The aircraft hit the ground 75 to 100 yards short of touchdown point,appearing to fly into the ground in a normal descent alttitutude.The terrain elevation at the impac site was 30 feet higher then area at the nearby control tower. Seconds be for the crash, the crew chief heard the co pilot as pilopt if he wanted the landing light or searchlight turn on.The pilot replied,Yeah,I guess aso.