CLOUD SEEDING

Presented byVikram Goel 11CL60R02

Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere & Land Studies Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
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Water consumption doubling every 20 years By 2040 water demand will exceed the supply by over 30% Water The new oil?
Water Consumption

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The
deliberate treatment of certain clouds or cloud systems with the intent of affecting the precipitation process(es) within those clouds.

Cloud Seeding
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10-15 %
Advantages

Increase in precipitation This extra water can be saved in a reservoir for when you are in a drought

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Air Parcel (Saturated)

A di ab at ic C oo lin g

Orographic lifting Convection Cold Front Convergence

Condensation Dust Nuclei Particles Sea salt particles Ice Crystals

Clouds Formation
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Air Parcel (Unsaturat ed)

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Types
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Temperature > -10C Collison Coalescence

Warm Cloud
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Water Vapor

Evaporatio n
Water Droplet

Condensatio n Large & heavy enough to fall ?

Ye s

condensati on
Water Vapor

Rai n

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Objective - Hygroscopic Seeding

Introduce large drops into

cloud

Large drops collide with

small cloud droplets and grow into rain drops (Coalescence) large enough to fall out of cloud and reach ground.
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Rain drops heavy and

Hygroscopic Particles:

Extremely moisture absorbent

Examples of Hygroscopic Material

Common Table Salt Ammonium Nitrate Urea Fertilizer

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Temperature < -10 C Ice crystals acts as nucleus

Cold Cloud
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Water Vapor

Evaporatio n
Supercooled Water Droplets

Sublimation
Ice Crystals

Large & heavy enough to fall ?

Ye s

Condensat ion

Sublimation

Water Vapor

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Objective - Glaceogenic Cloud Seeding To increase population of ice crystals so they can grow at the expense of supercooled cloud droplets and fall out of the cloud as rain. Glaceogenic Materials Silver Iodide Dry Ice

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Ground Generators Planes Rockets

Medium
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Unintentional OVERSeeding : Air

Pollution

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Increase precipitation Hailstorm Prevention Hurricane Modification Fog depression at airports To create favorable meteorological conditions for carrying out social programs
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Other Applications

Chinese government guaranteed clear skies 1,104 rain dispersal rockets from 21 sites

Beijing 2008
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2020

Russia has been using the process to control precipitation since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 China is the greatest user of this process, using it extensively to control precipitation in drought stricken areas as well as urban settlements. We influence the clouds on a much greater scale by other means

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Understanding Weather & Climate - Edward Aguado, James E. Burt Physical Hydrology Martin R Hendriks Does cloud Seeding Work Scientific American

Refrences
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Thank You
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