Smart Dust

Mohammad Rahimi CSCI599-Spring2002

Back to future!

Colonies of smart ultra small size network Interaction of advances in technology

VLSI more condense silicon processing VLSI more silicon speed VLSI low power short range communication MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems Networking : Ad hoc wireless Network Distributed Processing : Operating system, Database

Wow!

Applications

It is a special class of sensor network Fine sensing granularity Applications :

Forest fire warning Enemy troop monitoring Large scale Biology or Geology Smart office spaces Defense-related sensor networks Inventory Control
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Circulatory Net

Group of sensors inside the body

Key Features of these electronic particles

Power

Survive for extended amount of time

Computation

Process Sensor Data and Communicate

To Interface to the environment To glue the pieces of information
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Sensors

Communication

What is really behind the race? Computer Science!

Ad hoc Networking

Dynamic Reconfigurable network Scalability

An efficient semantic to diffuse data in the network Interpretation of multimodal sensing

Data Fusion

Distributed Processing

Network Oriented Operating Systems Data Aggregation

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Come Back to Reality! COTS Dust

Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust

To enable us the research about the algorithms and semantics

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Architecture
Low Power Communication Front End 1-Acoustic 2-RF 3-Optical Computation Brain 1-MCU 2-FPGA Sensors 1-Magnetometer 2- Light 3-temperature 4-pressure 5-Hmidity 6-Acceleration

Power 1-Bat 2-Sollar 3-Vibration 4-Acoustic Noise

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Architecture

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Power

Power: Lithium Battery

Big Problem Low capacity per unit of mass and volume Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power techniques Not really so much innovation after Volta!

Solar Vibration Acoustic noise Thermal conversion Nuclear Reaction Fuel Cells
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Computation: ATMEL91M404000 Micro Controller

Computation

Core and variety of different functions

Flash , SRAM , E2PROM GPIO , ADC , PWM ,Comparator Embedded serial Buses Ex: Microcontrollers Atmel , Microchip, Motorola Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola

FPGA

Not Traditional Style Of programming Faster , Low Power , Reconfigurable Ex: Xilix,Atmel

Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog)

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Sensors

Motion Sensing

Magnetometer

Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass)

Accelerometer

To measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectors

Environmental Sensing(Weather Monitoring)

Pressure

Barometer

Temperature Light Humidity

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Communication

Acoustic RF radio Optical

Passive Active

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Acoustic Communication

Power Hungry High Background Noise Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound) Fast Attenuation Curve Low communication baud rate Low power receiver

Good for event driven wake up systems

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RF Communication

New low power techniques

Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum)

ISM Band For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~)

It may have a tail!!

Only one RF front end

MCU acts as base band controller

CRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,Header
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RF Communication

Train Sequence Flag Byte Number OF Byte

DATA

CRC

No Addressing

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Optical Communication

Active

High power laser source Transmission of modulated laser beam MEMS Corner Cube Reflector Emit modulated ambient light Extremely low power
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Passive

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Optical Vs. RF

Both mature technology Both Electromagnetic waves light is quiet short wavelength compared to RF

Potential of smaller sizes

Peer-Peer

light techniques are extremely directional

RF techniques can be more omni directional Directionality Brings the problem of alignment
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Future Work

Design of multi hop network Autonomous network configuration Data Fusion Network Decision making Large Scale Distributed Processing

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Links

http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.html http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.html http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.html http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/ http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppt http://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.html

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That is all folks!

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