Mobile communication

Prepared by Navdeep N. Jain Guided by Mrs.P. K. Pithadiya

History of wireless communication

1G 2G 2G to 3G 3G Advanced 3G

1G(First Generation)

Design Began-1970 Implementation-1984 Service-Analog voice Standards-AMPS,NMT etc. Data Bandwidth-1.9Kbps Multiplexing-FDMA Core Network-PSTN

2G(Second Generation)

Design Began-1980 Implementation-1991 Services-Digital voice -SMS (Short Messaging Service) Standards-TDMA,CDMA,GSM etc. Data Bandwidth-14.4Kbps Multiplexing-TDMA,CDMA Core Network-PSTN

2.5G(Evolution from 2G to 3G)

Design Began-1985 Implementation-1999 Services-Higher Capacity -Packetized Data Standards-GPRS,EDGE etc. Data Bandwidth-384Kbps Multiplexing-TDMA,CDMA Core Network-PSTN ,Packet Network

3G(Third Generation)

Design Began-1990 Implementation-2002 Services-Higher Capacity -Broadband Data up to some Mbps Standards-WCDMA,CDMA 2000 etc. Data Bandwidth-2 Mbps Multiplexing-TDMA,CDMA Core Network-Packet Network

Features of 4G

Support interactive services Wider Bandwidth Higher Data transfer Rate Less Cost Global mobility All IP based Network (based on IPv6)

Features of 4G

Smarter Antennas Improved access technology (like OFDMA & MC CDMA) Some of standards-WiMax -WiBro -3GPP

Convergence of Technology

IP based Network
Networks

Circuit switched Networks

Packet switched Networks

Circuit switched Network

A circuit-switched network utilizes a dedicated closed circuit

Packet switched Network

link used for transmission of data link available for transmission of data Other links

A packet-switched network routes each packet independently

IPv4(Internet Protocol version 4)

2^32 unique addresses available. 288 million addresses for private use. Limits packets to 64 KB of payload.

IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6)

2^128 unique addresses. Packet header is simpler. provides multicast facility. Payload may be as large as 4GB.

FDMA
signals from multiple transmitters are transmitted simultaneously . Spacing is placed between sub carriers to avoid signal overlap.

OFDM

Sub-carriers are closely spaced. Very high rate data stream is divided into multiple parallel low rate data streams. High spectral efficiency. More resilient in noise environment. Used in DAB,DVB-T.

OFDMA

Sub-carriers are divided into group of sub-carrier, known as sub-channels. In the downlink, a subchannel may be intended for different receivers . In the uplink, a transmitter may be assigned one or more sub-channels.

OFDM Vs OFDMA

Applications

Virtual presence. Virtual Navigation. Tele-geo processing Application. Telemedicine & Education. Crisis Management Multimedia services-Streaming -Bursting

Challenges

Smart Antennas. Security. Billing Service.

Conclusion