This document discusses biological piracy (biopiracy), which refers to the illegal commercialization of biological resources without compensation or credit to indigenous groups. It provides definitions for key terms like biopiracy, bioprospecting, and biodiversity. The document also discusses examples of biopiracy like corporations patenting indigenous knowledge and genetic resources from plants like the rosy periwinkle and neem tree. It notes issues like loss of intellectual property rights and profit for indigenous groups from biopiracy. The conclusion calls for definite international laws through agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity to regulate bioprospecting and prevent biopiracy.
This document discusses biological piracy (biopiracy), which refers to the illegal commercialization of biological resources without compensation or credit to indigenous groups. It provides definitions for key terms like biopiracy, bioprospecting, and biodiversity. The document also discusses examples of biopiracy like corporations patenting indigenous knowledge and genetic resources from plants like the rosy periwinkle and neem tree. It notes issues like loss of intellectual property rights and profit for indigenous groups from biopiracy. The conclusion calls for definite international laws through agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity to regulate bioprospecting and prevent biopiracy.
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This document discusses biological piracy (biopiracy), which refers to the illegal commercialization of biological resources without compensation or credit to indigenous groups. It provides definitions for key terms like biopiracy, bioprospecting, and biodiversity. The document also discusses examples of biopiracy like corporations patenting indigenous knowledge and genetic resources from plants like the rosy periwinkle and neem tree. It notes issues like loss of intellectual property rights and profit for indigenous groups from biopiracy. The conclusion calls for definite international laws through agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity to regulate bioprospecting and prevent biopiracy.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Introduction Biological Piracy or Biopiracy for short is no different from DVD pirating. Before, there were no territorial disputes and there were no laws concerning the ownership of biological resources. Because of this, stealing of biological material increased. Definition of Terms Biopiracy- the illegal use or commercialization of biological objects
Bioprospecting- collecting of biological resources for scientific knowledge
Biological Theft- illegal collection of
biological materials by corporations which patent them for their own use Definition of Terms Patent- exclusive right given by the government to the inventor to manufacture, use or sell an invention for a couple of years
Biodiversity- the number and variety
of organisms found in an environment
Privatization- the change from public
to private ownership or control Definition of Terms Bioprospectors- people who prospects for biological materials
Biopirate- a person who uses or
reproduces the work of an inventor without authorization
Monoculture- a single homogeneous
culture without diversity or dissension Definition of Terms Industrial Property- intellectual property that includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs and geographic indications of source Related Literature Biopiracy- illegal collection of biological materials by corporations who patent them for their own use - uses flora and fauna - exploitation of the medicine or knowledge of the traditional people -monopolization of biological resources Related Literature -illegal, violates domestic law -doesn’t respect, recognize, or give credit to the rightful owner of the life forms
Bioprospecting- search for biological
resources and indigenous knowledge used for commercial exploitation Related Literature Biopiracy is NOT the same as bioprospecting. Bioprospecting is NOT a threat to biodiversity because it does not take something from one’s own use without obtaining the Prior Informed Consent (PIC). Bioprospecting gives credit or compensation UNLIKE biopiracy. Related Literature Main Sources of Biopiracy: Corporations Academic Institutions
Governments
They claim intellectual property over
genetic resources (patents on life) Related Literature Nanotechnology- manipulation of individual atoms and molecules Nanopirates claim ownership of molecules and even it elements where they came from
CBD (Convention of Biological
Diversity) believe that agreements can be arranged for both parties to for the benefit of the majority in overcoming biopiracy Position on the Issue Pro-Biopiracy: It will help the advancement of technology and enrich the scientific knowledge. Cures of different diseases can be discovered. Can life be owned? Position on the Issue Con-Biopiracy: Causes imbalance in the biodiversity. Stealing of intellectual rights Indigenous people lose profit No credit is given to the proper owner of the material No definite laws that concern biopiracy Pharmaceuticals abuse in order to gain profit Rosy Periwinkle (Catharansus Roseus) Native and endemic to Madagascar Evergreen subshrub
Vinblastine and vincristine used to
treat Leukemia Treats diabetes, malaria and Hodgkin’s disease Conflict between western companies and indigenous groups because of Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica) Found in India fast- growing evergreen that can reach 20 m in height Azardirachtin-astringency chemical found in the tree Treats leprosy, diabetes, ulcers, skin diseases and constipation 1971-Robert Larson found Margosan-O and received patent from the US Environmental Protection agency in 1985 Conclusion/Resolution Definite laws that must be followed by everyone CBD must have a standard set of rules for everyone in order to avoid confusion. Must reach an agreement
Illegal activity or biopirates must be
fined if caught Pharmaceutical companies must respect the people or the country