Connecting to a

Database Using the

JDBC API

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 Setting up a Database Connection

• JDBC provides a server-independent approach to

database access.
• To use JDBC, you will need
 a database server
 a database driver.
• The JDBC comes with a JDBC-ODBC bridge. This
bridge allows you to access databases via Microsoft’s
Open Database Connectivity API.

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 The DriverManager Class

• A class of java.sql package is responsible

for selecting database drivers and creating a
new database connection.
• Before the driver manager activate a driver, the
driver must be registered.

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 The DriverManager Class
Continued…
There are two methods for registering the drivers:
 A program can set the system property by
Properties class of java.util package.
 Manually register a driver using Class class.

• The DriverManager class does not provide a

constructor, and all of it’s methods are static.

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 The DriverManager Class
Continued…
• The getConnection() method is used to
establish a connection to a database. This
method is provided in the following forms:

 getConnection(String url)
 getConnection(String url, String
userID, String password)
 getConnection(String url, Properties
arguments)

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 Methods defined by the DriverManager class
Methods Description

getDriver() Returns a driver that can support a connection via a

specified URL.
registerDriver() Invoked by drivers to register themselves with
DriverManager.
deregisterDriver() Invoked by drivers to deregister themselves with
DriverManager.
getDrivers() Retrieves an Enumeration with all of the currently loaded
JDBC drivers to which the current caller has access.

GetLoginTimeout() Gets the maximum time in seconds that a driver can wait
when attempting to log in to a database.

SetLoginTimeout() Sets the maximum time in seconds that a driver will wait
while attempting to connect to a database.

getLogWriter() JDBC 2.0 Gets the log writer.

setLogWriter(Print JDBC 2.0 Sets the logging/tracing Writer that is used by

Writer out) the DriverManager and all drivers.

println() Prints a message to the current JDBC log stream.

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 The Driver Interface
The Driver interface is implemented by JDBC
drivers.

Methods Description

connect() Attempts to make a database connection to

the given URL.
acceptsURL(String Returns true if the driver thinks that it can
URL) open a connection to the given URL.
getPropertyInfo(Stri Gets information about the possible
ng URL , Properties properties for this driver.
info)
getMajorVersion() Gets the driver's major version number.

getMinorVersion() Gets the driver's minor version number.

jdbcCompliant() Reports whether this driver is a genuine

JDBC COMPLIANTTM driver.

Methods defined by the DriverManager class

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 Example
The DriverDetail Program
you will get the information about the driver.

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

class DriverDetail {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
//Registring the driver
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

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 Example
Continued…
//get the list of drivers
Enumeration drivers =
DriverManager.getDrivers();
System.out.println("Available drivers:");
while(drivers.hasMoreElements()){
Driver driver=(Driver)drivers.nextElement();
System.out.println(" Driver:
"+driver.getClass().getName());
System.out.println(" Major version:
"+driver.getMajorVersion());

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 Example
Continued…

System.out.println(" Minor version:

"+driver.getMinorVersion());
System.out.println(" JDBC compliant:
"+driver.jdbcCompliant());

}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex);
System.exit(0);
}
}//PSVM
}//Class

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 The Connection Interface
The Connection interface
• defines methods for interacting with the
database connection.
• defines several constants that describe the
manner in which the database supports the
committing of database transactions.

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 Methods defined by the Connection interface
Methods Description

close() Releases a Connection's database and JDBC resources

immediately instead of waiting for them to be
automatically released.
getMetaData() Gets the metadata regarding this connection's database.

createStatement Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements

() to the database.

prepareStateme Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending

nt(String sql) parameterized SQL statements to the database.

prepareCall(Str Creates a CallableStatement object for calling

ing sql) database stored procedures.

setAutoCommit Sets this connection's auto-commit mode.

(boolean
autocommit)

rollback() Drops all changes made since the previous

commit/rollback and releases any database locks currently
held by this Connection.

commit() Makes all changes made since the previous

commit/rollback permanent and releases any database
locks currently held by the Connection.

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 The DatabaseMetaData Interface

It provides the methods to get the

information about the database to which a
connection is established.

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 Methods Description

getDatabaseProductN Returns the name of the database

ame() product?

getDtabaseProductVe Returns the version of the database

rsion() product?

getUserName() Returns our user name as known to

the database?

getDriverName() Returns the name of the JDBC driver?

getDriverVersion() Returns the version of the JDBC

driver?
getImportedKeys(Stri Gets a description of the primary key
ng catalog, String columns that are referenced by a
schema, String table) table's foreign key columns (the
primary keys imported by a table).

Methods of the DatabaseMetaData interface

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 Example
The ConnectMeta Program
you will get the information about the driver and
the database.

For this example first you have to create

• a database “emp”
• register the *.mdb file with jdbc.odbc driver by
default available in control panel.

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 Example
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

class ConnectMeta {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:
odbc:anuj","","");
DatabaseMetaData
meta=connection.getMetaData();

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 Example
Continued…
System.out.print("Database :
"+meta.getDatabaseProductName());
System.out.println("Database Product Version
:"+meta.getDatabaseProductVersion());
System.out.println("Driver name : "+meta.getDriverName());
System.out.println("Driver version :
"+meta.getDriverVersion());
System.out.println("Max Column Length :
"+meta.getMaxColumnNameLength());
System.out.println("Max Row Size :
"+meta.getMaxRowSize());
connection.close();
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex);
System.exit(0);
}
}
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 Working with Result Sets

The ResultSet interface

• is used to provide access to this tabular data.
• provides the access one row at a time.
• is used to move the cursor in either direction of
the table

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 Methods defined by ResultSet interface
Methods Description

deleteRow() JDBC 2.0 Deletes the current row from the result
set and the underlying database.
findColumn(Strin Maps the given Resultset column name to its
g columnName) ResultSet column index.

close() Releases this ResulSet

findColumn(String Maps the given Resultset column name to its

columnName) ResultSet column index.

next ( ) Moves the cursor down one row from its current
position.
previous() Moves the cursor in the backward direction

first() Moves to the first result

last() Moves to the last result

afterLast() Moves to the end point

beforeFirst() Moves to the stating point

getInt(int Gets the value of a column in the current row as a

columnIndex) Java int.

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 The ResultSetMetaData Interface

The ResultSetMetaData interface provide

constants and methods that are used to
obtain information about ResultSet objects

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 Methods Description

getColumnCount() Returns the number of columns in this

ResultSet.
getColumnName(in Gets a column's name.
t columnName)

getCoulmnType(int Retrieves a column's SQL type.

columnName)

getTableName(int Gets a column's table name.

columnNmae)

isCurrency(int Indicates whether the column is a cash

columnName ) value.

Methods defined by the

ResultSetMetaData interface
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 Example
The ResultSet1 Program
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

class ResultSet1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:anuj","","");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM emp");

while(rs.next()){

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 Example
Continued…
String s=rs.getString("empName");
int n=rs.getInt("empId");
System.out.println("Employee Name = " + s);
System.out.println("Employee Id = " + n);
}
con.close();
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex);
System.exit(0);
}
}
}

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 Executing SQL Statements

SQL statement is used to interact with

database servers.

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 The Statement Interface

It defines methods that are used to interact with

databases via the execution of SQL statements.

• The createStatement() method returns the

object of Statement interface.
• Using this object you invoke the
executeQuery() method

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 Methods Description

execute(String sql) Executes a SQL statement that may

return multiple results.

executeUpdate(String sql) Executes an SQL INSERT,

UPDATE or DELETE statement.

executeQuery(String sql) Executes a SQL statement that

returns a single ResultSet. (such as
SELECT statement)

getResultSet() Returns the current result as a

ResultSet object.

getUpdateCount() Returns the current result as an

update count; if the result is a
ResultSet or there are no more
results, -1 is returned.
getMoreResults() Moves to a Statement's next result.

Methods defined by the Statement interface

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 The PreparedStatement Interface

• The PreparedStatement interface extends the

Statement interface.
• A pre compiled SQL statement is stored in a
PreparedStatement object.
• This object can be used to efficiently execute this
statement multiple times.

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 The PreparedStatement Interface
Continued…
• To use the PreparedStatement interface Create a object -
PreparedStatement ps =
cn.PrepareStatement(“UPDATE emp SET ename= ?
WHERE eno = ?”);
//here cn is a connection object

• Supply the values for parameters –

Ps.setString(1,”Tom”);
Ps.setInt(2,101);

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 Methods Description

getMetaData() Gets the number, types and

properties of a ResultSet's columns.

setDate(int parameterIndex, Date Sets the designated parameter to a

x) java.sql.Date value

setInt(int parameterIndex, int x) Sets the designated parameter to a

Java int value

setArray(int I, Array x ) Sets an array parameter

setObject(int parameterIndex, Sets the value of a parameter using

object x) an object; use the java.lang
equivalent objects for integral
values.

Methods defined by the

PreparedStatement interface
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 Example
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
class Prepare {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:anuj","","
");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("UPDATE
emp SET empName =? WHERE empID =? ");

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 Continued…

ps.setString(1, "Tom");

ps.setInt(2,3);

ps.executeUpdate();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM emp");

while(rs.next()){

String s=rs.getString("empName");

int n=rs.getInt("empID");

System.out.println("Employee Name = " + s);

System.out.println("Employee Id = " + n);

} con.close();

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 Continued…
//Here 1 and 2 are the sequential number of values to be
set.
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex);

System.exit(0);

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 The CallableStatement Interface

• This interface extends the PreparedStatement

interface.
• The CallableStatement object contains a call
to a stored procedure in the database.
• A stored procedure is passed as an argument to
the prepareCall() method of the Connection
interface.

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 Continued…

• A stored procedure call may take

 IN parameters
 OUT Parameters
 INOUT parameters.
• Each OUT parameter must be registered in a log
file using registerOutParameter().

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 Transaction Processing

• It is a group of related database operations.

• It update the database at the same time.
• It does not permanently update untill they are
committed.
• If an error occurs during the transaction,
transaction can be rolled back.

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 New D/B
SQL Query On Commit
Database to update the
table

Old D/B
On Rollback

Execution of the transaction

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 Continued…
The key methods used to implement transaction
processing:
• commit()
complete the transaction by executing the
Statement
• rollback()
reverses the transaction that is in progress by
erasing the
effects of SQL statements
• setAutoCommit()
makes automatic committing of SQL statement

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 Summary

In this session you have learnt to

• describe Java’s mechanism for connecting to a
database.
• describe the processing of retrieved data.
• describe the process of executing SQL
statements from within a Java program.
• describe java.sql’s support for transaction
processing.

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