Secure and Reliable communication Key to Disaster management

Digital Signal Processing

Chirag Warty
chiragwarty@ieee.org

University of California Los Angeles

Presentation Overview
PART 1 Disaster Management
History of Disasters What makes it so different ? Need of the day Global effort Tiered Network Protocol Traditional and non traditional network architecture Ad-Hoc Networks Co-operative Communication using OFDM
Amplify and Forward Decode and Forward Coded cooperation

PART 2 Signal Processing Techniques

OFDM principles

PART 3 Proposed communication Network

Hybrid network architecture
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PART 1

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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University California Los Angeles New Orleans of Hurricane Katrina

University California Los Angeles New Orleans of Hurricane Katrina

University California Los Angeles Oregonof Forest Fire

University of China EarthquakeCalifornia Los Angeles(2008)

University of California (1986) Chernobyl Los Angeles

World Trade Center Catastrophe

Location
Densely populated 110 storied building

Emergency Management
Central Office destroyed No coordination Emergency personnel trapped Communication Break down NORAD - FAA fiasco

Outcome
2750 people died 343 Fire Fighters Died System Failure
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What Makes it so Different?

Key Factors
Response Time Effective and reliable No present Infrastructure Epidemic Control

Emergency management HQ
Away from the Incident Venue Redundant Communication Control and coordination

Communication Network
PSTN /Cellular Saturated or shutdown Equipment reliability Extreme conditions Secured and compatible Easily reconfigurable

Role play of the action team

Prevent any further loss or attack Access cause and damage Coordinate with respective agencies.

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Need of the day

Total Network Coverage
Accessible IN-OUT
Redundant Voice, Data & video in Real Time

Resource planning
Economical Compatible Sustainable

Security and intelligence

Prevent loss of life or property Safe guard agency personnel

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Global Effort
United States
Federal Emergency Management Agency
NIMS COP

United Kingdom
Civil Contingency secretariat

India
National Disaster Management

Japan
Fire and Disaster Management Agency

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PART 2

SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

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Teir 1 Head Quarters

Teir 2 Central Mobile Command Unit

Ambulance

Police / Security Agency

Fire Brigade

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Tiered Network protocol

Head Quarters
Located at a distance Analysis and

Agency Personnel
EMS
Para Medics and Ambulance Medical Camps & Hospitals

Central Mobile Command Post

Data Collection Data Analysis Secure exchange Coordination

Security Agency
Police Para Military Equipment

Fire Fighter
Personnel
Data Sink Data Source

Horizontal and Vertical Communication

Equipment
Sensors Mobile terminals
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Traditional Cellular Network Topology

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AD - HOC Network

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AD - HOC Network
Network Topology
Distributed or Decentralized Wireless and Mobile Self Configuring network Random Motion

Application Tier
Mobile command post
Distributed command Multiple service areas Logistics management

Network Components
802.11 compatible device
480 MHz 530 MHz ESP

Infrastructure absence
Make and Break formation Reestablishing sustainable network
New Orleans Iraq (war Zone )

Routing
Node Cluster Routing table
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Cooperative Communication
Methodology
Amplify and Forward (AF) Decode and forward (DF) Coded cooperation (CC)

Transmission
Additive Gaussian white noise Fading Channel Transmission diversity Independent Uplink Downlink

Cover and El Gamal (1979)

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Cooperative Communication
Channel
Additive Gaussian white noise Fading Channel

Relay
Cell
Mobile / Stationary Simultaneous Transmission Power constraint

Transmitter
Simultaneous transmission to multiple mobile sets

Sensor
Stationary Low power rating Tsunami warning system

Receiver
Mobile / Stationary SNR aware Downlink power and route
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Amplify and Forward

Relay
Amplifies received signal No filtration Amplifies and retransmits Assuming the destination is aware of certain parameters Low power consumption

Effective noise amplification

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Decode and Forward

Sendonaris et al (2003)

Relay
Received signal is decoded and transmitted Noise filtering Reduces signal retransmission Improved voice quality

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Coded Cooperation
Channel State Information (CSI)
Receive side Transmit side

No handshake
Physical Layer protocols

Relay
Noise filtering Reduces signal retransmission Improved voice quality Signal is re created

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Duplexing - Principles
FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One Frequency for
the DownLink, and a Second Frequency for the UpLink. TDD (time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink.
DownLink UpLink

FDD
F1 - Frequency band F2 - Frequency band

DownLink

UpLink

TDD
F1 - Frequency band F1 - Frequency band

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Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing ( FDD-M)
Multiplexor assigns different frequencies to different users Various calls are transmitted simultaneously Broadcast radio and Television and AMPS use this technique Spectrum inefficient

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 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

FDM
Guard bands

OFDM
small guard bands
Only digital signals can be transmitted by this technique More complex steps to retrieve data Same time slot , same frequency

Analog or digital signals

Simple retrieving techniques Same timeslot different frequency bands

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FDM Spectrum

OFDM spectrum

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OFDM
Subcarrier frequencies
Integer multiples of sampling frequency Peak and null relationship Selective fading can be overcome Sub channel experiences Flat fading OFDM divides the signal into parallel narrow-band components from which each experiences only a flat channel.

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PROPOSED COMMUNICATION NETWORK

PART 3

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DWP

Trauma Center

HQ

Mobile Command Post

EMS

Security/Para Military
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Fire Fighters

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Network Management
Cooperative Communication
Non Line of Sight Redundant Self reconfigurable Voice , Data and Video high stream

Ad Hoc Network
Make and Break High Mobility No dependence on present infrastructure Military applications (DARPA)

Use of OFDM
Digital Signal easy to recreate Multiple users Multiple Paths Already existing technology

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Bibliography
A Meissner, et al., Design Challenges for an Integrated disaster management communication and Information system in DIREN 2002, New York City, IEEE INFOCOM 2002 Francesco Chiti et. al., A broadband wireless communications system for emergency management in IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2008. pp 8-14

OASIS project, Sensor web Research Laboratory, Washington state university

US Federal Emergency Management Agency, http://www.fema.gov/
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