1

2
3 .
4

2 ( )

3
4

 ( )

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

( )

(1)

(2) :

(1) 40 16~20 8 /
2 2 2
30
4
(2) 30 2 3

2 3 4

2 4
4
(3) 4

2
2

1
2
3
4

1 ppc Tpc

(1-3)

(1-1) (1-2)

p pc = y i p ci

Tpc = y i T ci
M g = yiM i

5)

(1-4) (1 (1-

p
=
4
.
6677
+
0
.
1034

0
.
2586

6) (1-7)
g
g
pc

2
T
=
93
.
3333
+
180
.
5556

6
.
9444

g
g
pc

p PC = 4 8677 0 3565 g 0 07653 g

Tpc = 103.8889 + 183.3333 g 39.72222 g

1 ppc Tpc

CO2
H2S Wichert
Aziz
054.(10.9
1.6
0
= 66.67 ( y c + y H ) ( y C + y H )
+ 8 33( y H y H )
8)~(1-12)

*
p pc
= p pc (Tpc ) / Tpc + y H (1 y H )

Tpc = Tpc

p pc
= Ppc (Tpc ) / Tpc + y H (1 y H ) 1.1583( y N )

T = Tpc 149 44( y N )

pc

2 PPr TPr

ppr =

p
ppc

TPr

T
Tpc

3 Z
Z

Dranchuk Purvis Standing-Katz

(1-15) 6 ( )
Z

Cg

1
=
V

C pr = C g p pc

f 1 (T pr ) + 2 f 2 (T pr ) R
1
0.27

=
2

p pr
Z T pr

1 + R f 1 (T pr ) + 2 f 2 (T pr

psc ZT f
VR
Bg =
=
Vsc
pZ sc Tsc

Zsc=1.0
Psc=0.101MPa Tsc=293K
Bg = 3 447 10

ZTf
P

Lee Gonzalez
8 37.8 171.2
0.101 55.16MPa

g = 10 K exp( X )
4

Y
g

K=

2.6832 10

(470 + M )T
g

1.5

116 .1111 +10 .5556 M g +Tf

54777 .78
X = 0.01
+M g
350 +

T
f

Y = 0.2(12 X )

Glaso 1980 6 26
19 pVT
Standing

lg pb = 1.7447 lg p 0.3022 lg p

Rs
p = 4.0876

0.816

2
b

0.3946
2

1.8213 5.625 10 T + 1
1.076

124 .6285
1
o

0.173

Beggs

(1) ppb
1.076

3
R s = C1 gs P exp C3
1 / 3.6585 10 T + 1

c2

gs

1.076

2
= gp 1 + 0.2488
1 5.625 10 Tsp + 1 ( lg p sp + 0.1019 )
o

(2) p>pb

R s = Rsb

1MPa

1
Co =
Vo

Vo

Vaquez Beggs

1784 .315
28 .075 Rsb + 30 .96T 1180 g +
2540 .815
o
Co =
p 10 5

Vilena-Lanzi

ln Co = 2.4615 1.43 ln p 0.395 ln pb + 0.39 ln ( T + 17 .78 )

1

+ 0.455 ln Rsb + 0.262 ln 0.929

o

(1) 1m3

V
Bo =
Vs
Standing

Beggs Standing

p<pb
1.076
Bo = 1 + C1 Rs + ( C 2 + C3 Rs ) 6.4286 10 T 1
1
o

p=pb
Bo =0.972 +1.1213 10
g
F =0.1404 Rs

p>pb

F 1.175

0.5

+5.625 10

Bo = Bob [1 Co ( p pb )]

T +1

(2)

Vo +
Vg
Bt =
Vos

Bt = Bo + Bg ( Rsb Rs )

Glaso pVT

ln Bt = 0.080135 + 0.4726 lg B + 0.1735 lg B

[
2.910
0.1274 Rs ( 0.05625T + 1) o
0.5

Bt =

g0.3 p1.1089

0.0015161Rs

2
t

(1) Egbogah

lg [ lg ( od +1) ] = 5.02

3.5497

0.5644 lg (T +17 .78 )

(2) Beggs Robinson

o = AodB
A = 4.408 ( Rs + 17 .825 )

0.515

B = 3.037 ( Rs + 26 .738 )

0.338

(3) Vazques Beggs

p
o = ob
pb
m = 956 .429 p1.187 exp ( 11.513 0.013024 p )

McCain (Rsw)

Rsw
[
0.0710636
=10
R swp

S ( T +17 .78 ) 0.285854

Rswp = 0.17825 A + Bp + Cp

]
2

A B
C

A = 8.0488 6.12265 10 2 ( T + 17 .78 ) +

+ 1.91663 10 4 ( T + 17 .78 ) 2.1654 10 7 ( T + 17 .78 )

2

B = 9.969124 10 3 7.44241 10 5 (T +17 .78 ) +

+ 3.05553 10

(T +17 .78 )

2.94883 10 10 (T +17 .78

C = 10 7 8.79337 0.130237 ( T + 17.78 ) + 8.53425 10 4 ( T + 17.78 )

+ 10 7 2.34122 10 6 ( T + 17.78 ) 2.37049 10 9 ( T + 17.78 )

3

12

C w = 1.4504 10 4 A + b(1.8T + 32 ) + C (1.8T + 32 ) (1 + 0.049974 Rsw )

A = 3.8546 1.9435 10 2 p
B = 1.052 10 2 + 6.9183 10 5 p

C = 3.9267 10

1.2763 10 p

12

McCain

Bw = (1 + Vwt ) 1 + Vwp

3
4

V
=

5
.
7325

10
+
2
.
40104

10
T

wt
+ 1.78412 10

( T + 17.78)

Vwp = 5.0987 10 7 p( T + 17.78) 6.54435 10 9 p 2 ( T + 17.78)

5.20574 10 5 p 4.74029 10 6 p 2

13

(1) McCain

wi = A(1.8T + 32 )

A = 109.574 8.40564S + 0.313314S 2 + 8.72213 10 3 S 3

2

B = 1.12166 + 2.63951 10 S 6.79461 10 S

5.47119 10 5 S 3 + 1.55586 10 6 S 4
13

(2)

w
3
5
2
= 0.9994 + 5.8443 10 p + 6.5342 10 p
wi
68.95MPa
96%

(1)

wp = 0.996732 4.61464 10 5 T 3.06254 10 6 T 2

(2)

w = 1.08388 5.10546 104 T 3.06254 106 T 2

Nemeth Kennedy

p d = 6.895 10 3 exp{ A1 [ 0.2 N N + N C + N H + 0.4C1 + C 2 + HH 1 ] + HH 2 }

HH 1 = 2( C 3 + C 4 ) + C 5 + C 6

HH 2 = A2 C 7+ + A3 C1 / C 7+ + 0.00002

HH 3 = A4T + A5 L + A6 L2 + A7 L3 + A8 M + A9 M 2 + A10 M 3 + A11

Ai 14

q = q WGR
w

WGR =1.6019 10 4 A[ 0.32 ( 0.05625 T +1) ] C

B

418.0278
A = 3 .4 +
p
B = 3.2147 + 3.8537 10 2 p 4.7752 10 4 p 2

C =1 0.483 S 1.757 S 2

15

37

c = 0.8368
:

1.0427
s

1
= ci
n i =1
n

: =i =
1
n

ci

i=
1

2q sc p sc Z T L
K =
A( p12 p 22 ) Z sc Tsc

=air, ( SI )

Z=Zsc=1.0, T=Tsc

200 qsc psc air L

K=
A p12 p22

1
50%

K 50 K 84 .1
Vk =
K

(1) ,

=
Ki / n
i=
1

i=
1

i=
1

=
K i hi /
hi

2
(2)

K G = n K 1 K 2 K 3 K n
n

lg

lg K G = i =1

Ki

h lg

1
lg K G =i =

Ki

i=
1

(3)

KH =

i =1 K i

4 K50

KH =

h
i =1
n

hi

i =1 K i

K max
Kmm =
K min

K max
Kmm =
K 50

Cf =

dV p
V p dp

0.014104
Cf =
(1 + 55.8721 )1.42359

2
123.7
Cf =
(1 + 2.47664 10 6 ) 0.9299

Cr =

dV p
Vdp

Cr = C f

1
MPa,

C t = C f + ( S wi C w + S oi C 0 )

Corey

K ro

So
=

1 S wi

So So
= 1
1
1 S wi 1 S wi
2

K ro

Wahl

K rg
K ro

= E ( 0.0435 +0.4556 E )
E=

1 S gc S wi S 0
S o C

23

25

K rW

WO

SW SWi
= 0.035388
1 SWi S OrW

+ 0.56556( SW )

3.6

( SW SWi )

SW SOrW
0.010874

1 SWi S OrW

(2-41)

2.9

SW SWi
SW S OrW

K rW = 1.5814
0.58617

1 SWi
1 SWi S OrW
1.2484 (1 SWi )( SW SWi )
WO

2.9

(S

SWi )

(2-42)

1.91

WO
K rO
=0.76067

S O

S OrW

1 S Wi

1 S OrW

+2.6318 (1 S OrW

)( S O

S OrW

1.8

S O S OrW

1 S
Wi S OrW

2.0

(2-43)

Og

K rO

SO

= 0.98372
1 SWi

S O S Org

1 S S
Wi
Org

(2-44)
2

S R S RC
K rg ( S Org ) + 2.7794
K rg = 1.1072
1 SWi
S Org ( S g S gC ) / (1 SWi ) K rg ( S Org )
Og

(2-45)

K rW

WO

K rW

WO

1
SW SWi

0.51371( SW SWi )
= 0.0020525
2.15

Ka

SW SWi
= 0.29986
1 SWi

SW SWi
+ 0.413259
1 SWi S OrW

0.43

(22
46)

SW S OrW
0.32797
( SW SWi )

1 SWi S OrW

(2-47)

K rO

WO

S O S OrW

1 SWi S OrW

(2-48)

S O S OrW
= 1.2624
1 S OrW

Og

K ro

SO
= 0.93752
1 S
Wi

S O S Org

1 S S
Wi
Org

(2-49)
2-49

Og

K rg

(S

S g S gC ( S g )

= 1.8655
1 S
K rg ( S Org ) + 8.0053
Wi

S gC )( S Org )

(1 SWi )

1 SWi S Org S gC
0.02589 ( S g S gC )

1 SWi

(1 SWi S Org S gC )
1

(
)
1

S
Wi

Ka

0.5

(250)
241 - 2-50

2-1

241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
2-

361
478
1000
822
766
57
197
593
273
227

Wyllie Ganlner
(2-51) (2-52) (2-53)

Wyllie Ganlner (2-54) (2-55)

(2-56)

:
28 1
.

2829 2-2 2-3

:
28 2
.
2830 2-4 2-5

rw

= S

a
w

ro

rw

K rw
=
K rw ( S or )

= 1 S

b
w

S w S wi
S =
1 S wi S or

ro

K ro
=
K ro ( S wi )

lg K

rw

= a lg S

lg K

ro

= b lg 1 S

( )

K rw = K rw
K rw S or

K ro = K ro K ro ( S wi )

S w = S w* (1 S wi S or ) + S wi
31 32-34

2 cos
Pc =
r

2 10 3 cos
Pc =
r

1 J


J
J ( SWD ) =

SWD

1000 Pc
cos

S w S wi
=
1 S wi

cos

B
Po =
ASWD
1000
K

1
1 Pd

2 Pc50
50%

Pc50
3 Smin
Smin

4 Wg

S max S R
WE =
100 %
S max

1 D50

2 Dm

Dm = ( D5 + D15 + D25 + + D85 + D95 ) / 10

Dm = ( D16 + D50 + D84 ) / 3
3 dm

4 Sp
Sp

D84 D16 D95 + D5

SP =
+
4
6.6

5 Sm
Sp Dm

6 Kp

D95 D5
KP =
2.44( D75 D25 )

1 Dm

D m = i S i / 100

2
2

= i Dm S i / 100

1/ 2

3 Sk

Sk

4 C

4
1

S max

=
o

r ( S )dS

rmax S max

2 Ge
1 n
Gc = ( ln Pc ) i ( ln S w )
n i =1

1 40 2-5
2

40 2-6

1
1
+
S i

2
2
( Pc ) i ( Pc ) i +1

Kn =
100 %
n
1
1
+
S i

2
2
( Pc ) i +1
i =1
( p c ) i

R cos R
pc1 =
pd
L cos L
pc 2

R cos R
=
p cswi
L cos L

100 pc1
h1 =
w o

100 pc 2
h2 =
w o

how =h2 h1

1
V
K K/KL V

K/K

max

min

K
/
K

(1) : K / K ~ V

(2) K ( i 1) K ( i ) > 5%
K ( i 1)
(3)
~
q

K /K

max

0.3

K /K

max

0.7

min

min

0 .3 K / K
min

max

0.7

Kw/Kf

Kf Kw
28 P42.

2
(1) Kw/Kf
(2)

K / K 0.3

K / K 0.7

0.3 K / K 0.7

K
K/KL CC
K/K

C ( ppm )

2
(1) :

K / K ~ pH

K ( i 1) K ( i )

pH
> 5%
(2) pH
K ( i 1)

(3) (2107
108)
(3)

K / K 0.3

K / K 0.7

0.3 K / K 0.7

pH
K K/KL V
K/K

pH

pH

K
/
K

(1) : K / K ~ V

(2) pH K ( i 1) K ( i ) > 5% pH
K ( i 1)

(3)
~
q

K / K 0.3

K / K 0.7

0.3 K / K 0.7

12

100m

GT

100 (T t )
=
H h

DT m/

DT

H h
=
T t

47

( 48 )

( )

0.9--1.1

1.2
0.8

1.5

SI
P = 0.0098 H

GH =

dp
= 0.0098
dH

1
(1) 3-2(a)
(b)

dp = G HO dH

(3-7)

102( P P
=H +

wD i

owc

(3-13)

102( P P
=H +

i

gwc

wD i

(3-14)

(2) ( )

H owc =

( G HW H W

G HO H O ) ( PiW PiO )
G HW G HO

H gwc =

(G

HW

H W G Hg H g ) ( PiW Pig )
G HW G Hg

(3-18)

(3-19)

52--53

N = 100 Ah (1 S wi ) 0 / B0

(10 t )
4

= N / A = 100h ( 1 S ) / B
0

wi

(10 t ) / km
4

SNF = N / Ah = 100 (1 S ) / B
wi

(10 t ) / km
4

(10

Tsc Pi
G = 0.01Ah (1 S wi )
TPsc Z i

Tsc Pi
g = G / A = 0.01h (1 S wi )
TPsc Z i

(10

m / km

Tsc Pi
SGF = G / Ah = 0.01 (1 S wi )
TPsc zi

(10

m / km m )
3

Gc = 28.9169 Ah (1 S wi ) f g Pi / Z i T

N 0 = 10 0 Gc / GOR
4

(10

(10 t )
4

100 Ah f (1 S w f ) 0 100 Ah b (1 S wb ) 0

N = N f + Nb =
+
Boi

B oi

(10 t )
4

100 h (1 S )
N/A=

wf

Boi

100 hb (1 S wb ) 0
+
B oi

(10 t ) / km
4

SNF = N / Ah =

100 h f 1 S w f 0
Boi

100 hb (1 S wb ) 0
+
B oi

(10 t ) / km
4

N = 100 A h (1 S ) / B
j

wij

N =
N
j=
1

(10 t )
4

(10 t )
4

Tsc Pij
G j = 0.01 A j h j j (1 S wij )
T jPsc Z ij

(10

G =
Gj
j =1

(10

Gcj = 28.9169 A j h j j (1 S wij ) f gj Pij / Z ij T j

(10

(10 t )

N 0 j = 10 0 j Gcj / GOR

GC = GC j

m3

(10

j =1
n

N O = NO j
j =1

(10 t )
4

Nj =

Boi

100 A j h j bj (1 S wbj ) 0
B oi

(10 t )
4

100 A j h j fj 1 S w fj 0

N = N j
j =1

(10 t )
4

1.842 10 3 q 0 B0
=
D1

hD

( m

N = 10

/ mPa s )

(10

K S0

D2
mCt

m3

D1 D2

D1=0.84

D1=0.67

D1=1.34

D2 =72.10
D2 =64.31
D2 =31.81

N = 10

qB0 S 0
24C t m

(10

q T S
N = 0.288
A
m C
g

gj

A1=1

A1=1/gZ

A1=2Pi/gZ

pj

2P
dP
g Z

0.2445 q T S
G =
A
C m D
g

gj

m Muskat

D Muskat

qi q0
E
NR =

1
10000
di

ER

NR
=
N

ER
E

qi qi
E
NR =
ln
10000 d i q 0

ER

NR
=
N

2
qi q 0
E
1
NR =

10000 2d i qi

ER

NR
=
N

4
1n

q0
qi
E
1
NR =

10000 (1 n ) d i qi

5
1/ 2

q0
2q i
E
1
NR =

10000 d i qi

N =N +N
Rt

( )

N
R =
N

Rt

E = 0.2719 lg K 0.1355 lg 1.5380

R

0.001144 h + 0.25569 S + 0.11403

wi

N R = N ER

(1 S wi )

E R = 0.3225
B0 i

0.0422

K w

0.077
0.1903 Pi
S wi

P0

N R = N ER

0.2159

E = 1.106 0.01 + 0.306K + 0.0019h

R

+ 1.998 + 0.144 lg K + 0.71B

N R = N ER

KS=h/hs ( / )

ER = 0.49 + 0.0051K 8 0.0063K C

+ 0.00017( 0 10.6) + 0.00059( 0 10.6 )
2

( K C 37.9) + 0.00044( K P 5.8)( K8 37.7 )

N R = N ER

K ro

E R = 0.227 + 0.133
lg
K
rw

lg

N R = N ER

K 800 103 m 2

E R = 0.41715 0.00219 0
K = ( 401 800 ) 10

m 2

E R = 0.4078 0.00332 0
K = (101 400 ) 10

m 2

E R = 0.3745 0.0043 0

K 100 10

m 2

E R = 0.3078 0.0069 0

N R = N ER

65%

ER

K
= 0.214289

0.1316

N R = N ER

E R

= 0.274 0.1116 lg R

+ 0.09746 lg K 0.00018 02 h f
0.06741VK + 0.0001675 T
f ha/well
T C

Vk

N R = N ER

N
K
E = 0.1748 + 0.3354
+ 0.058591 lg
N

0.005241 f 0.3058 0.000216 P

i

Nw N

N R = N ER

25%

K 250 10 3 m 2

ER = 0.306 0.0041 0 + 0.0791 lg K

+ 0.14 K S + 0.03K P 0.0018 f
Kp---

K = ( 50 ~ 250 ) 10 3 m 2

E R = 0.405 0.0028 0 + 0.052 lg K

+ 0.139 K S 0.15 K P 0.0022 f

K 50 10 3 m 2

ER = 0.446 0.0031 0 + 0.141 lg K

+ 0.14 K S 0.23K P 0.0017 f

N R = N ER

E = 0.2126 (1 S wi )
R

0b

B0b

0.0979

0.3722
wi

0.1611

Pb

Pa

0.1741

N R = N ER

25%

1 ?

4 ? ?

2 ?
3 ? ? ?
5 ? ?

NV L = 360 J L ( Pe Pwp ) N 0
(5-1)

Viw = 360 J w ( Pwi Pe ) N w

360

(5-2)

Viw = NVL

(5-3)

NVL
NVL
Pwi Pwp =
+
360 J L N 0 360 J w N w
(5-7)

N0
R=
=
Nw

Jw
JL

(5-8)

5-7

NVL
J
L
1 +
N0 =
360 J L ( Pwi Pwp )
J w

(5-9)

N w = N0

Jw
JL

JL JL
NVL

=
+
360 J L ( Pwi Pwp ) J w J w
(510)

N ow = N o + N w

SPC = N ow / A

(511)

(512)

6869
1? 2?

1
Kh
Q0 = 360
P

(5-13)

Q0' = NV0

(5-14)

N V 0
N0 =
Kh
360
P

(5-15)

R0 t

N ow

N0
=
N ow

N V0
=
Kh
360
P R0t

(5-16)

(5-17)

N V0
SPC = N ow / A =
Kh
360
P R0t A

(5-18)

1
2000 =0.025
2000 =0.05
2

=0.025

70

Q0 = 365q
0

(5-19)

365

Q0' = N V0

(5-20)

N ow =

N ow =

N V 0

365 q0

N V 0

365 q0 R0t

(5-21)
(5-23)

N ow
N V0
SPC =
=
A
365 q0 R ot A

71

(5-24)

N V0 B0
QL =
1 fw

(5-25)

N V0 B0 Ri
Qiw = Ri QL =
1 fw

(5-26)

N ow

N Vo Bo Ri
=
360qi Rwt (1 f w )

(5-29)

N ow
N Vo Bo Ri
SPC =
=
A
360qi R wt (1 f w ) A

72

(5-30)

M =

A
i =1
n

Di

A
i =1

hDi
(5-31)

hi

73

M i = 1 0.470698 D L0i .5 / Ai0.5

n

i =1

i =1

M = ( M i N i ) / N i

(5-32)
(5-33)

D = 1.1547

SPC

1
D=
SP C

73-74

N S =R hS oi / Bo
2
e

(5-35)

2
R
e

K t S
R =
7.41o S oi Ct
2
e

(5-36)

5-36 5-35

Kht
N =
7.41 C B
S

(5-37)

K 2.12 10 q B
=

mh
3

(5-38)

5-38 5-37

N S = 8.98 10

q o t S
mCt

(5-39)

2
N

N m Ct
N
No =
= 1112.61
NS
qo t S

N ow =1112 .61

N m Ct
qo t S Rot

(5-40)

(5-42)

N ow
N m Ct
SPC =
= 1112 .61
A
qo t S Rot A

(5-43)

Re = E D e B / SPC

(5-44)

B
ln ( Re / E D )

(5-45)

SPC =

1 ED
B
2

ED B

130
5-4

77 (
)

Re = E D e

B / SPC

(5-46)

(5-46)
(
)

B
NKED B
= ln
SPC
AbSPC 2

7980

(5-54)

(5-46)
(
)

NKE D
B
= ln
SPC
A SPC b

80--81

(5-57)

N R K E B e
T

A[b(1 + i )

B / SPC

T /2

+ T P ] SPC

(5-58)

N R K E e
T

A[b(1 + i )

T /2

B / SPC

+ T P ] SPC

(5-59)

81 (1)
(2) (3) (4)
(5) (6)

81--82 (1)
(2)

IPR

1797
1945 1961 Ros
1963 Duns

1965 Hagedom
Brown

1967
Qrkiszewski

Hb

H b = 101.972 K1 / K 2

(6-1)

K = f P P + 1 f H
1
W b
y
w

b 2
H = ( Pb Py )(1 Pa ) + Pb Py2
2
pa + pb
+ Pa ( Pa + Pb ) ln
Py + Pa

(6-2)

K =[ f r +(1 f
2

)(r

+P r r
b

)]

(6-3)

P = 0.00980665 f r + (1 f

Wf

r
) H
B
O

11

H = ( H H ) + H + P
11

(6-4)

f ( P ) = C C (P P )
H

P
C ( P P ) C ln
=0
P
2

(6-5)

1
PWf = 0.00980665

AO +

H
+ F11
+ A7 PHf
101 .972

F11 = [ A1 + F111 + A5 fW + A6Q ]

2
3
(
)
F111 = 1 fW ( A2 rO + A3 ro + A4 rO )

(6-14)

1.

H
PWf = 0.00980665 AO + F12
+ A7 PHf
101.972

F 12= A1 + F 12 1+ A5 fW + A6Q / 10 D

F 12 1= (1 fW ) A2 rO + A r + A r
2

2
3 o

3
4 O

)]

(615)

1967 Orkiszewski

3
(1)

Qg/Q<LB
Qg/Q>LB Nvg<Lg

LM>Nvg>LS
Nvg>LM

N vg =

Q g 4 10 6 L / g

(623)

86400 A
2

LB = 1.071 9.748 10

LS = 50 + 36 N vg
LM

11

V
D

QL
Qg

N vg Q L
= 75 + 84
Q
g

0.75

(624)
(625)
(626)

1/

f = 1.14 2 lg e / D + 21 .25 / R

0.9
e

(6 3 28)

= H + (1 H )

(629)

90 6-30 6-31 6-32

QO C + LV S A
=
+
L
Q +V S A

(633)

90 6-34 6-35 6-36 637 6-38

91 6-39 6-40 6-41 642 6-43 6-44 6-45

L N
=
L L

Vg

()

()

N L
+

L L
Vg

(6-46)

Hg =

Qg
Q g + QL

= H g g + (1 H g ) L

(6-48)
(6-49)

f =

1.34 10

V sg

f g V

2
sg

(650)

Qg
=
A

P
=
h

13

2D

(651)

10 3 g + f
QO C t Q g

7.462 10 A P
8

(652)

PWf = ( Pt + 0.10134 ) e

11 .410 3 Ld rg

+B

B = 0.00980665 [ B1 + B 2 + B 3]
B1 = ( Le Ld ) r O

B 2 = ( Lb Le ) rL FX
B 3 = ( LH Lb ) rL

(6-53)

Fx 6-54

13

Fx = A1 + Ai X
i=2

i 1

93 6-55 656

(6-54)

Pp = H

94

(657)

= 0.2307 [ 0.1 + 4.335 ( 4.335C ) P / H ]

(658)

P = p
wfm

(6-59)

PWf

W H
HW QW2
1
= Pt +

11
101 .972 4.696 10
2 gD 5
(6-60)

95

IPR

IPR 60
Vogel 1968

p
p
q

= 1 0 .2
0.8
(6-66)
q
p
p

'

'

wf

wf

o max

Standing

80 Richardson Shaw

1973 Fetkovich

IPR

qo
q o max

P
2 P
(1 V ) R

= ( 2 V ) R
PR
PR

(6-57)

IPR

6-57

p = p p
R

p p
R=
p p

wf

'

wf

wf

p = p + p

(6-71)

'

wf

wf

(6-70)

skin

(6-72)

QD = q o / qO max

(6-73)

P P
P
P =
=
P
P
R

Wf

97 6-75
6-76

(6-74)

A = ( 2 V ) Rq

O max

B = ( V 1) R q
2

O max

(6-77)
(6-78)

6-77 6-78 6-76

q
= A +BP
P
o

6-79
A B
R qomax V

V = ( AR + 2 B ) / ( AR + B )

o max

= A / ( 2 V ) R

(6-80)
(6-78)

1
Pwf>Pb
IPR
98)
2(P
Pwf
Pb
IPR
(P98)

IPR

Bendakhlia

Bendakhlia
6-67 6-68
IPR
IPR

qo
q o max

P
P
Wf
Wf

= 1 V (1 V )
P
P

R
R

(6-87)

Bendakhlia IPR
6-87
687 qomax V n
6-69 687 IPR

2 n

qo
P
P
(
2
= 2 V ) R R (1 V )
q o max
P
P

R
R
(6-88)

y=q

x = PD

A=q

1/ n
o

1/ n
o max

B=q

/ PD

(6-90)
(6-91)

(2 V )R

1/ n
o max

(1 V ) R

y = A + Bx

(6-92)
2

(6-93)
(6-94)

n V qomax
1 n1
2 6-90 6-91 y
x

3 y--x
A B
4 V qomax

V = ( AR + 2 B ) / ( AR + B )

q o max = [ A / ( 2 V ) R ]

n1

(695)
(696)

p
2 p

q o = q o max ( 2 V ) R
(1 V ) R
pR

pR

G = ( q o q o )

(697)

(698)

n1

7 n1 2 - 6

8 G n
G-n
nmin n
2 - 4 V qomax
G-n

V qomax

I PR
G

40000

20000

0
0. 7

1. 3

n=1.25,
qomax=1159.7m^3/d

IPR

Qg = C P P

2
e

lg p p
2
e

2
Wf

2
wf

(6-99)

) = A + B lg Q
1

(6100)

A1 = ( lg e ) / n

(6101)
(6102)

B1 = 1 / n
QAOF = e

H1

[ (

H 1 = 2.303 lg p 0.101 A1 / B1
2
e

(6103)

P P
2
e

(p

2
e

2
Wf

Q AOF =

= A2 Q g + B2 Q

2
wf

)/Q

2
g

(6104)

= A2 + B2 Q g

(6105)

A + 4 B p 0.101 A2 / 2 B2
2
2

2
e

(6106)

Q g = Q AOF
pD =
Q AOF =

1 + 48 p D 1 / 6

p p
2
e

2
wf

2
e

6Q g
1 + 48 p D 1

(6107)
(6108)
(6109)

Q g = Q AOF 1.0434 p

0.6594
D

Q AOF = Q g / 1.0434 p

(6110)
0.6594
D

(6111)

1936 Schilthuis

(Swi Cf )
(CO

CW,pvt )

Pi
P
+ +
+
7-1

N( R R )B + N( B B
Si

Oi

(7-1)

mNB
1
B

(7-2)

Oi

gi

C S +C
(1 + m ) NB

1 S

Wi

Oi

Wi

(7-3)

(We + Wi WP ) BW

N [B + ( R R )B
P

(7-4)

(7-5)

7-1 7-5

N P BO +( RP RS ) Bg =

Bg

NB Oi A00 +m
1+ A01
B

gi

+(We +Wi WP ) BW
A00 =

( BO BWi ) +( RSi

A01 =(1 +m )

RS ) Bg

BOi
CW SWi +C f
1 SWi

(7-6)

(7-8)

A A
N =
A +A
02

03

04

05

A = N [B +( R R ) B
02

si

A =W B + (W W ) B
03

B
A = B B +m
B

ti

04

ti

(B

gi

C S +C
A = (1 + m ) B
p
1 S
w

05

wi

ti

wi

(7-8)
104

(7-8)

N B + W B = NB C p + W B + W B + G B
p

oi

ig

7-9

EDI +Wi DI +We DI +Gi DI =1

(7-9)

(710)

N B C p
EDI =
W B +N B

Wi Bw
Wi DI =
W p Bw + N p Bo

WB
W DI =
W B +N B

oi

GB
G DI =
W B +N B
i

ig

C S +C
C =C +
1 S
w

(712)

(711)

wi

wi

(713)
(714)

DDI + CDI + EDI + W DI + W DI + G DI = 1

i

(715)

A = N [ B + ( R R ) B ] +W B
12

si

N ( R R )B
DDI =
A
si

12

CDI =

mNB

ti

(B

B
A

gi

12

)/ B

gi

(716)
(717)

C S +C
(1 + m ) NB
1 S

EDI =
A
w

wi

ti

wi

p + N ( B B

12

W DI = We Bw
e
12

W DI =W B
A

(718)

(720)

12

GB
G DI =
A
i

(719)

A
i

oi

ig

12

(721)

N B
=
N B C ( p p)
P

pr

oi

(722)

2 1%

pi p
N ( pi p )
Dpr =
=
(7N p / N 100
100 N p
23)
DPr DPr

DPr NPr

DPr<0.2 NPr>30
2%

0.2DPr<0.8 NPr=10~30

1.5%<Vo2%
0.8DPr<2.5 NPr=2~10

1%<Vo1.5%
DPr2.5 NPr<2
Vo1.0%

DPr NPr

D =0.1
Pr

DPr=10
NPr=1
NPr=100

108 72

N [ B + ( R R ) B ] (W W ) B G B
C S +C

B B +B
1 S
p

ti

Wi

ig

ti

Wi

B B
C S +C

mNB
+
B

=N +
C S +C

B B +B
1 S
p

gi

Wi

ti

gi

Wi

ti

Wi

ti

Wi

(726)

N [ B + ( R R ) B ] (W W ) B G B
y=
C S +C

B B +B
1 S
p

ti

Wi

ig

ti

Wi

Bg Bgi
CW SWi +C f

Bti
+

B
1

S
g
i
W
i

x=
CW SWi +C f

Bt Bti +Bti
1 S
p
Wi

(727)

(728)

y = N + mx

(729)

109-110

N [ B + ( R R ) B ] (W W ) B G B
C S +C
mB
( B B ) + (1 + m ) B
B B +
B
1 S
P

Si

ti

ti

gi

Wi

ti

gi

Wi

B p Q ( t , r
t

=N+

ig

C S +C
mB
( B B ) + (1 + m ) B
B B +
B
1 S
W

ti

ti

gi

gi

Wi

ti

Wi

(735)

N [ B + ( R R ) B ] (W W ) B G B
y=
C S +C
mB
( B B ) + (1 + m ) B
B B +
B
1 S
P

Si

ti

ti

gi

Wi

ti

gi

Wi

p Q ( t ,r
t

x=

)
W

ti

ti

gi

gi

(736)

C S +C
mB
( B B ) + ( 1 + m) B
B B +
B
1 S
t

ig

Wi

ti

Wi

(737)

7-35

y = N +B x

(738)
7-35

7-5

7-5

p +p
p p
p = p p = p
=
2
2
i

e1

p +p
p +p
p p
p = p p =

=
2
2
2
i

e2

p +p
p +p
p p
p = p p =

=
2
2
2
1

e3

n 1

p = p p =
en

n 2

+p
2

n 1

p +p
p p

=
2
2
n 1

n 2

(7-

1
Van Everdingen Hurst

W = 2 r h C pQ ( t , r
t

wR

B = 2 r h C

(740)

wR

(741)

W = B pQ ( t , r
t

(742)

QD(tD rD)

8.64 10 K t
t =
= t
Cr
2

e wR

r
=
r

w
R

(743)
(744)

R R

rD R

1
rD QD(tD rD) tD

113-116
2
116

1
1 rD=1.5

t D 0.05

QD (t D ) =

1.1283 t D + 1.1933t D + 0.2699t D t D + 0.008553t D2

1 + 0.6166 t D + 0.0413t D

tD
QD tD

1
1 rD=1.5
0.05 < t D 0.8
QD (t D ) = 0.1319 + 3.4491 t D 9.5488 t D2 + 11.8813 t D3 5.4741 t D4

tD
QD tD

t D > 0.8

QD (t D ) = 0.624

tD
QD

1
2 rD=2.0
t D 0.075
rD=1.5 tD
0.075 < t D 5.0
QD (t D ) = 0.1976+ 2.2684t D 1.6845t D2 + 0.628 t D3 0.1134t D4 + 7.8232 10 3 t D5

tD
QD tD

t D > 5.0

QD (t D ) = 1.5

tD
QD rD=1.5

1
rD=1.5 rD=2.0
QD
rD=1.5 rD=2.0 tD
QD

tD
QD
QD

QD
rD = 5.0

rD =2.0
rD =1.5

tD

QD tD tD

2
Nabor Barham

W = bhL C pQ ( t
t

B = bhL C
L

W = B pQ ( t , r
L

(770)
(771)

(772)

QD(tD)

8.64 10 2 K wt
tD =
= Lt
2
wCe Lw

1
7-74

2
7-75

3
7-76

(773)

tD0.25
QD(tD) 2(tD/)0.5 tD0.25
QD(tD)=
tD+1/3 QD(tD)=1

3
Chatas

W = 2 r C pQ ( t
t

ws

B = 2 r C

(777)

ws

(778)

W = B pQ ( t
t

(779)

7-38

rD R
t tD=Rt 7-36 737 7-104 x
y x y rD
R x y
R x y
R
R rD rD
R x y
rD
rD rD R

(
y

2
=
y

1
i=
1

rD R
y x rD
rD
rD R
y x
N BR

pi GBgi G
p GBg p

A = GB
B = GBgi (

GB

C w S wi + C p
1 S wi

GBg GBgi + GBgi (

gi

)p

C w S wi + C p
1 S wi

)p + We = Gp Bg + Wp Bw

(7-110)

Gp Bg (We Wp Bw )
G=
Bg
Cw S wi + Cp
Bgi [(
1) + (
)p ]
Bgi
1 S wi
(7-111)

We=0, WP=0 (7111)

Gp Bg = G ( Bg Bgi ) + GBgi

C w S wi + C p
1 S wi

G B =G ( B B
P

gi

P
P
G
=
1

Z
Z
G
i

(7-106)
(7107)

(7-107)

G=

G p Bg (We WP Bw )

p
p
= i[
Z
Zi

(7112)

Bg Bgi
G Gp
G (We WP Bw )

pi Tsc
psc Z i T

(7-112a)

[19]

1
(7-107) (7-112a) , ,
(p/Z) Gp
p/Z Gp )
7112a) (p/Z) Gp
(We-Wp)Bw
p/Z
Gp

We W p B w
pZ i
=
=
Vgi
pi Z

1 RD
=
1
=0

= 1 RD

1, 45

3
1 .
Gp Bg + Wp Bw = We + G[( Bg Bgi ) + Bgi (

E fw = Bgi (

1 S wi

1 S wi

)p ]

E g = Bg Bgi

F = G p Bg + W p B w
C w S wi + C p

C w S wi + C p

)p

F = We + G ( E g + E fw )

F
We
=G+
Eg + Efw
Eg + Efw

F
=G
E g + E fw

F
=G
Eg

F/(Eg+Efw) F/Eg
G
We/(Eg+Efw) F/
(Eg+Efw) F/Eg , Ga

G
a

c
b
a

G
p
2-4

2.
38.45 MPa
72.7 0.57614 CO2
0.7% 7.848 1/MPa
17.31% 22.35 g/l
2-1

7-1

(MPa)

(108 m3)

(m3)

38.373

0.00856

45

30

37.440

1.05231

165

38

36.605

2.23937

238

47

35.568

3.82566

325

62

33.403

6.96043

683

100

27.278

16.9646

1957

109

26.123

19.3748

2610

7-2

(108 m3)

(MPa)

(108 m3)

1.05231

37.1910

59.1799

2.23937

36.6194

68.7457

3.82566

35.8967

73.4361

6.96043

34.3243

74.3799

16.9646

29.3858

75.7832

19.3748

28.3635

74.6427

10

15

Gp

7-1

20

50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Ga

20 25 30 35 40

p/ z

10

15

20

Gp

7-2

1).
10%
0.689MPa

p ab = 0.1 pi + 0.689

p ab = 0.3445 + 3.2 10 H

1.1310-3MPa/m
(50psia/1000ft)
3

p ab = 1.13 10 H
2 :

(p/Z) (GP)

p/Z

P/Z

II

Grea
Grea

2-17

Gpseud
Gpseudo

G
Gp
p

Gp Bg = G ( Bg Bgi ) + GBgi (

Bgi [(

1 S wi

)p + We WP Bw

G p Bg

G=

C w S wi + C p

Bg
Bgi

1) + C e p + (

We Wp Bw
GBgi

)]

p pi 1 Gp / G
=
(
)
Z Z i 1 C e p
=

We WP Bw
GB gi

C e = (C w S wi + C p ) /(1 S wi )

p pi 1 Gp / G
=
(
)
Z Z i 1 C e p

Ce

Ce

pi pi Gp
p
(1 C e p) =

Z
Zi Zi G

P(1-CeDP)/Z Gp
a=pi/Zi b=pi/ZiG
p/Z=0 G

G rea1

G pseudo
=
C e ( pi p H )
1+
pi / Z i
1
pH / Z H

Greal 108 m3
Gpseudo 108 m3

4055 m
pi=77.877MPa 1.9205
128.4oC 0.6
Swi=0.22 Cw=4.4110-4 MPa-1
7-6

C p = (8.82 10 3 H f 2.51) 10 4

Cp = (8.82 10 3 4055 2.51) 10 4 = 33.26 10 4

4.41 10 4 0.22 + 33.26 10 4
Ce =
= 43.88 10 4
1 0.22
P(1-CeDP)/ Z 7-7

2-11

(..
)

p
(MPa)

p
(MPa)

1966.1.25
1967.2.1
1968.2.1
1969.6.1
1970.6.1
1971.6.1
1972.6.1
1973.9.1
1974.8.1
1975.8.1
1976.6.10
1977.6.1
1978.8.1
1979.8.1

77.877
72.637
68.942
62.967
58.346
53.800
50.221
46.594
43.471
39.653
36.808
34.025
30.623
28.377

0
5.240
8.935
14.910
19.531
24.077
27.656
31.283
34.406
38.224
41.069
43.853
47.254
49.500

Gp
(108m3)

p/Z
(MPa)

1.496
1.438
1.397
1.330
1.280
1.230
1.192
1.154
1.122
1.084
1.057
1.033
1.005
0.988

52.041
50.503
49.347
47.313
45.578
43.714
42.122
40.367
38.735
36.558
34.796
32.939
30.462
28.700

52.041
49.341
47.413
44.219
41.674
39.099
37.013
34.828
32.890
30.429
28.528
26.604
24.148
22.469

0
2.81
8.11
15.18
22.00
28.73
34.09
41.08
45.50
51.65
56.01
61.09
66.78
69.66

=0
G=130108 m3
Gpseudo=185108 m3
Greal=134108 m3

, Hf=4055 m
pH=39.76MPa ZH=1.09
pH/ZH=36.47MPa pi=77.877
MPa Zi=1.496 pi/Zi=52.041 MPa Ce=43.8810-4 MPa-1
Gpseudo=185108 m3
185 10 8

Greal =
= 132.9 10 8 m 3
4
1+

43.88 10 (77.877 39.76)

52.041
(
1)
36.47

38%