What is embedded system?

An digital electronic system A special purpose computer Works for predefined task

Examples

Control for digital equipments: CD player, TV remote, fax machine, mobiles Programmable sprinkler, CAT scanners, washing machine,printers,etc.

Life detection system using microwave radiation

INTRODUCTION: Special purpose system specially designed to used in earthquake affected area Helps to locate living human being buried under collapsed building or rubble

-PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONBased on phenomenon of reflection A microwave beam of certain frequency focused on portion of collapsed structure The wave reflects back from rubble & from persons body which is modulated The wave is modulated due to movement of living like breathing &

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION major components:

1. 2. 3. 4.

A microwave generator circuit A dual antenna system A microwave controlled clutter cancellation system A laptop computer

1.A microwave generator circuit Working frequency

Classification depending upon type & nature of collapsed building 1. L or S band frequency 1150 MHz Advantage: can penetrate the rubble with metallic mesh easily 1. UHF band frequency 450 MHz Advantage: penetrate deeper than L or S

2. Dual antenna system:

Basically two antennas : A. Antenna 1- Transmitting antenna B. Antenna 11- Receiving antenna Operates sequentially by an electronic switch

Clutter cancellation systemThe clutter cancellation unit consist of: 1. A fixed attenuator 2. A digitally controlled attenuator 3. A RF amplifier

Clutter cancellation of the received signalThe reflected wave from antenna 11 consist of Large reflected wave from rubble & Small reflected wave from persons body These small wave couldn't attenuate because it is modulated. At output of system only small reflected wave are there due to attenuation

Advantages of L.D.S.
Main advantage it saves life of trapped persons under the rubble It gives exact location of human being No any extra arrangement and conditions are required Quick process

FREQUENCY RANGE OF BREATHING & HEARTBEATS SIGNAL

The frequency range of heartbeat and breathing signals of human beings lies between 0.2 and 3 Hz.

HIGLIGHTES:Exact location can be known by calculating laps between Ts & Tr Since it is not possible to continuously watch the system, so an alarm has been set Under critical situation it can find living beings other than humans

CONCLUSION:

Thus a new sensitive life detection system using microwave radiation for locating human beings buried under earthquake rubble (or) hidden behind various barriers has been designed. This system operating either at L (or) S band, UHF band can detect the breathing and heartbeat signals of human beings buried under earthquake rubble.