MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MODERN SCIENCE
The Scientific Revolution established science as a source for the growth of knowledge. During the 19th century, the practice of science became professionalized and institutionalized which continued through the 20th century. As the role of scientific knowledge grew in society, it became incorporated with many aspects of the functioning of nation-states.

PHYSICS
The beginning of the 20th century brought

the start of revolution in physics Beginning in 1900, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Neils Bohr and others developed quantum theories to explain various anomalous experimental results From the late 1920s to the present, there was rapid development in the field of Signal ProductionReproduction for video acquisition and replay. Dr. August Karolus at the University of Leipzig, Germany, first developed a television signal. Further developments took place during World War II, which led to the practical application of radar and the development and use of the atomic bomb.

CHEMISTRY
The synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wohler opened a new research field, organic chemistry, by the end of the 19th century

By the twentieth century, systematic production of refined materials provided a ready supply of products which provided not only energy, but also synthetic materials for clothing, medicine, and everyday disposable resources.

Biology,medicine,and genetics
In the early 20th century, the study of heredity became a major investigation after the rediscovery in 1900 of the laws of inheritance developed by the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel in 1866. Mendel's laws provided the beginnings of the study of genetics, By 1953, James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the making, usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose
The second half of the 20th century brought a host of new innovations. the discovery of nuclear fission has led to both nuclear weapons and nuclear energy

 Computers were invented ,later miniaturized with transistors and integrated circuits, with the creation of the Internet Humans have also been able to explore space with satellites (later used for telecommunication) and in manned missions going all the way to the moon In medicine, this era brought innovations such as open-heart surgery and later stem cell therapy along with new medications and treatments.

ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Nuclear fusion power Electric power generation, space transportation Biofuels Energy storage, particularly for transportation

Nano wire battery Laptops, mobile phones and long-range electric cars. Storing power for electric grid

Information Technology
Machine vision Biometrics, Controlling processes (e.g. a driverless car, or an automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g. for visual surveillance), interaction (e.g. for human-computer interaction), robot vision

Artificial intelligence
Creation of intelligent devices Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery, video games, toys, and Web search engines.

4G Cellular Communication
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc.

Biotechnology&Bioinformatics
Genetic engineering Creation and modification of species, bio-machines, elimination of genetic disorders. Artificial photosynthesis replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen

WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Nanotechnology deals with the study of Materials of size 10-9 m. The materials in nanometer scale posses novel properties such as high efficiency &capacity than the normal materials.
WHAT IS NANO CIRCUTRY?

Nanocircuitry deals with minimization of circuit size to nano scale. It helps the scientists & engineers in reduction of the size of computers & other electronic devices.
CARBON NANO TUBES

Carbon nano tubes are the basic building blocks of nano circuits.They are composed of c-40 atoms.

CONCLUSION
Technologies of MODERN SCIENCES revolutionized the world and made things simple. They get popular and also become outdated over a period because human brain never stops bringing out new inventions which makes clear that technology development is never ending process.