CONSERVATION OF WATER AND RAIN WATER HARVESTING

PRESENTED BY: VIDYASHREE.N

MANJUSHREE.P

Vth Sem Civil Engineering Dept

INTRODUCTION
Water is finite resource and cannot be replaced or duplicated and produced on commercial scale. Only 2.75% of water on earth is fresh. Depletion of water resources degrades natural environment and no living being can survive without them. It plays a unique role in traditional and modern economy and is mandatory in all daily chores of mankind including drinking, domestic, agriculture and industrial. Clean and fresh water is unique commodity, therefore be valued and safeguard.

HENCE CONSERVATION OF WATER HELPS IN PREVENTING POLLUTIONS OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES.

WORLD WATER BALANCE

TOTAL WATER RESOURCES OCEANS AND SEAS ICE CAPS AND GLACIERS GROUND WATER AND SOIL MOISTURE SURFACE RIVERS AND LAKES 1460.M.CUB.KM 94% 2% 4% NEG

AVAILABILITY OF WATER
WATER RESOURCES Saline water Fresh water Fresh water resources Polar ice caps Ground water & soil moisture Lakes swamp & reservoirs Atmosphere Rivers & streams

97.3% 2.7% 77.2% 22.4% 0.35% 0.04% 0.01%

WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA

AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITION AVERAGE ANNUAL AVAILABILITY ESTIMATED UTILIZABLE WATER RESOURCES 4000BCM 1869BCM 1123

- SURFACE WATER -GROUND WATER PRESENT UTILIZATION

690BCM 433BCM

-IRRIGATION -DOMESTIC -INDUSTRY ENERGY AND OTHER

501BCM 30 BCM 74BCM

Necessity of water conservation

The increased use of small scale water supply for productive and economic purposes (livelihoods approach). The decrease in the quality and quantity of ground and surface water. The saving and utilizing of rainwater decreases the cost of water supply.

The industries which needs large quantity of water for there manufacturing can be balanced by conserving water.
To balance the water scarcity in future.

Health hazards due to consumption of polluted water

THE CHART SHOWING THE WATER UTILIZATION FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSE

DOMESTIC NEED
LEAK TOILET

SHOWER

2%

16%

14%

OTHER DOMESTIC BATH

21% 17% 2% 2%

26%
CLOTHES WASHER DISH WASHER

FAUCET

TIPS FOR WATER CONSERVATION IN INDOORS

TURN OFF WATER WHILE BRUSHING TEETH

USE WASTE WATER OF CLOTH CLEANING TO CLEAN THE FLOOR

VERIFY YOUR HOME IS LEAK FREE.REPAIR DRIPPING TAPS BY REPLACING WASHERS

DEVOLEP HABIT OF MONITORING WATER MATERS

AVOID FLUSHING THE TOILETS UNNECESSARILY.USE WATER EFFICIENT FLUSHES,PLUMBING FIXTURES

TIPS FOR CONSERVING WATER IN OUTDOORS

DONT OVER WATER YOUR LAWNS. A GOOD RAIN ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR WATERING FOR MORE THAN A WEEK

WATER THE LAWNS DURING EARLY MORNING HOURS WHEN TEMPERATURE IS LESS.THIS REDUCES LOSSES FROM EVOPARATION

DONT ALLOW WATER TO FLOW INTO GUTTERS

GROUP PLANTS TOGETHER BASED ON SIMILAR WATER NEEDS

AVOID OVER FERTILIZING YOUR LAWN. THE APPLICATION OF EXESS FERTILIZAR INCREASES THE NEED FOR WATER

 Close public taps after use.

TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER AT PUBLIC PLAACES

Close the running taps opened by others.

Dont use excessive water at public conveniences.

 Check for leakages in water supply systems and attend to leakage complaints immediately.

Encourage residents to adopt water conservations and roof top rain water harvesting systems.

Inform local bodies of leaks in water supply system.

TIPS TO CONSERVE WATER BY SOCIETY

Be and encourage others to be part of water conscious community. Encourage your neighbours and friends to install and use high efficiency plumbing fixtures and exhort them to adopt water saving habits. Encourage for adopting roof top rain water harvesting.

 Encourage for plantation / afforestation in the area.

Encourage social groups engaged in water conservation program.

 Encourage school system to help develop and promote a water conservations ethics among children.

TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS

Learn to compute water requirements of crops and apply as much water as needs. Do not irrigate randomly rather follow a proper schedule.

Choose irrigation system best suited to crops, soil and climate

Level the land properly.

Provide good maintenance to irrigation system.

Use sensors to indicate irrigation time.

Recycle tail end water for irrigation.

Check joints, couplings properly for leaks. Canals should be lined and ensure cans are free from seepages.

Dont breach canals.

TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER IN INDUSTRIES

Perform water audit to benchmark unit wise water use. Modernize processes to reduce water requirements.

Use high pressure washing systems to reduce waste water generation.

Recycling water with a re circulating cooling water use by using the same water to perform several cooling operations.

The waste water should be considered for gardening etc.,

Proper processing of effluents by industrial units to adhere to the norms for disposal to avoid pollution.

Tips recommended for indoor and outdoor water conservation may also be applied.

RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is the process of collecting and storing rainwater in a scientific and controlled manner for future use.

Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting

BENEFITS OF WATER CONSERVATION

WATER EFFICIENCY MEASURES CAN REDUCE WATER AND SEWER COSTS BY UPTO 30% ENERGY SAVINGS BY USING LESS ENERGY FOR PUMPING AND TREATING WATER FINANCIAL SAVINGS TO THE USER FROM USING WATER HARVESTED FROM RAIN REDUCES REQUIRMRNT OF LARGE RESORVOIRS AND DAMS REDUCES NECESSITY OF REGULATIONS ON OBSTRUCTION OF GROUND WATER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank my college for giving me an opportunity to present our

paper On Water Conservation and Rain water Harvesting

I equally owe gratitude to our Principal Sri. B. Krishnappa for his excellent co-operation and inspiration for completion of paper

I would also like to thank our HOD, Sri C. Chandrashekar, Civil Engineering Department for providing the facilities provided to ensure the

completion of our paper

We also are truly grateful to all our teachers of our department for providing their expertise and guiding us through the completion of paper