BURIGONGA GROUP

 ABDUL KAYUM RASSEL 033-009-041

 NAWSAD MD. TANJIRUL HAQUE 041-050-
041
 MD.TOUHIDUL ISLAM 041-055-041
 MD. MOZAHIDUL ISLAM 041-056-041
 ABDULLA-AL-MOMEN 041-077-
041
 RATAN KUMAR RAY 042-085-
041
IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTION SOURCES IN
TEXTILE WET PROCESSING

PRESENTED BY
BURIGONGA GROUP
INTRODUCTION
 In this presentation we will try to
give you some brief idea about the
various types of pollutant source in
textile wet processing. We also
describe in detail about BOD and
Acidity/Alkalinity.
TYPES OF WASTE
 This section will concentrate on the identification
of pollutant sources in textile processing. Specific
type of pollutants that will be considered in detail
are:

 BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)

 Acidity/Alkalinity
 Toxicity
 Metals
 Air Emissions
DEFINITION OF BOD
 A measure of the amount of oxygen consumed in
the biological processes that break down organic
matter in water.
 BOD is used as an indirect measure of the
concentration of biologically degradable material
present in organic wastes.
 BOD can also be used as an indicator of pollutant
level, where the greater the BOD, the greater the
degree of pollution.
 BOD measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by
micro-organisms in the sample of water at a fixed
temperature and over a given period of time.
SOURCE OF BOD
SI. NO PROCESS % OF TOTAL
01 Desizing 35-50%
02 Scouring 30%
03 Bleaching 5%
04 Mercerizin 1%
05 g
Dyeing 6%
06 Printing 6-10%
07 Finishing 2-4%
SOURCE OF BOD
 DESIZING :
Desizing of woven fabric is the first major wet processing step.
About 35-50% of total BOD from Desizing.

Starch sizes will have BODs of 500,000 to 600,000 ppm;

alginates and modified starches, 100.000 to 500,00 ppm; and
synthetic sizes (PVOH, CMC, PVA) about 10,000 to 30,000.

In addition, starch are generally removed with enzymes which

themselves have BODs typically, over 10,000 ppm but
synthetic size can accomplished with hot water and alkali so
they does not contribute to BOD load.. On the other hand they
can be recovered from waste streams.

so that a change from starch to synthetic sizes can give BOD

reduction from this major source of over 90%.
SOURCE OF BOD
Other commonly used components of sizing that
have the following BOD

Materials BOD (ppm)

Gylcerine 640,000

Waxes 100,000 to 1,500,000

Oils 100,000 to 1,500,000

SOURCE OF BOD
 SCOURING :
Scouring processes are for removal of oils, waxes
and other impurities.

Here the possible pollutant in water are NaOH,

Waxes, Grease, Na2CO3 etc, which all contribute a
large portion about 40-50% of total BOD Loads.
SOURCE OF BOD
 BLEACHING:
The BOD contribution from continuous
bleaching operations is fairly low, less
than 5% of the total textile mill BOD.
SOURCE OF BOD
 DYEING :
Dyeing process produce a great amount of wastes.
The batch dyeing produce higher waste than
continuous dyeing.

The primary source of BOD from continuous dyeing

is the soap-off chemicals (surfactants) and the
dyeing auxiliaries used in the pad bath.

Also, reducing agents sometimes give high BOD

values.
Dyeing process gives 6% BOD of total.
 SOURCE OF BOD
BOD VALUES FOR DYEBATH AUXILIARIES
Product 5-day BOD (ppm)
Dyes (various) 0 to 100,000
Dyes (Sulfur) about 100,000
Dyes (disperse) about 30,000
Dyes (direct) about 80,000
Dyes (azoic) about 20,000
Azoic couplers (B-napthol ) 100,000
Rexan 0 (EO leveler) 20,000
Sodium acetate (buffer) 320,000
SOURCE OF BOD
 PRINTING:
In the printing process the BOD %
is 10 of total. Here the pollutant
are Colors, Starch, Gums, Oil, Acid,
Alkali, Metallic Salts etc.
EFFECT OF BOD
 Destroy the quality of water body
which effect in marine life.
 Harmful effect on sewerage
handling system
 Harmful effect on agricultural land.
DEFINITION OF ACID &
ALKALI
 Acid:
Acid is a water soluble substance,
capable of donating proton (Hydrogen
ions) when dissolved in water.
 Alkali:
an alkali is an water soluble substance,
capable of accepting protons (Hydrogen
ions).
ALKALINITY/ACIDITY
 Typical Textile Mills have several sources of Acids and
Alkalis. For example Disperse dye produce Acidic waste
water and Reactive dye produce Alkaline waste water.

 The common Acids and Alkalis of Textile Wet Process

are-
 Acetic Acid
 Sulfuric Acid
 Formic Acid
 Ammonia
 Bicarbonate
 Caustic
 Soda Ash
ALKALINITY/ACIDITY
 Desizing:
 Dilute HCl (In Acid Steep_ Hydrolytic Method)
 Dilute H2SO4 (In Acid Steep_ Hydrolytic Method)
 Enzyme desizing PH 6-7.5 (Hydrolytic Method)
 Soda ash (Na2CO3) – PH 10- 10.5 (Bromide
Treatment_ Oxidative Method)
ALKALINITY/ACIDITY
 Scouring:
 Caustic Soda (NaOH)
 Soda ash (Na2CO3)
 Bleaching:
 Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
 Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2)
 Soda ash (Na2CO3)
 Caustic Soda (NaOH)
ALKALINITY/ACIDITY
 Mercerizing:
 Caustic Soda (NaOH)
 Dyeing:
 Soda ash (Na2CO3) – Direct, Reactive, Sulpher, Vat
dyeing
 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) – Basic & Acid dyeing
 Tannic acid – Basic dyeing
 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – Acid dyeing
 Caustic Soda (NaOH) – Vat dyeing
 HCl – Aniline Black, Disperse Dyeing
 Example
NAVY COLOR
M:L = 1: 8 Fabric WT = 500 kg Water = 4000 L
CHEMICAL NAME % ON THE WT OF THE MATERIAL

PCLF (Wetting Agent) 1%

Soda = 40kg,
ME (Anticreasing agent) 1% Caustic= 8kg
2UD (Sequestrant agent) 0.5% DN = 1
BLN (Stabilizer) 0.5% Acetic Acid = 6kg
Soad (Na2CO3) 4% DN= 1
Causti cNaOH) 2% Soda = 100kg
H2O2 5% DN = 1
A\Acid 1.2% DN = 1
PC (Peroxide Killer) 0.4% Acetic Acid = 7.5 kg
Cibaflowid C (Anticreasing agent) 1%
DN= 1
E2R (Leveking Agent) 0.8%
Total Acetic Acid = 13.5 kg
Total Soda = 140 kg
EV. Black B 3.056832%
Total Caustic = 8 kg
EV. Red 3BS 1.15236%
Total Water =
EV. Yellow 3RS 1.664064%
DN x 4000
Salt (Common Salt) 70%
= 5 x 4000
Soda 20%
= 20,000 Litters
RSK (Detergent) 0.5%
A/Acid 1.5%
Softener 1.5%
ALKALINITY/ACIDITY
 Effect :
 Corrosion of pipe line.
 Destruction of aquatic life ( Fish may
die at PH-6)
 Damages crops by impairing their
growth.
THANKS FOR ALL