CONVOLUTION & ITS APPLICATIONS

by Engr. Khurram Hashmi

DSP

Brief Overview

Introduction to Convolution
Discrete

Time Continuous Time

Applications Conclusions

Convolution

convolution is an integral of the product of two functions over time, after one has been reversed and shifted

Discrete Time Convolution

Discrete Time Signals and the Sifting property

An arbitrary sequence may be represented as a linear combination of shifted unit impulses [n-k]

This equation is the sifting property of discrete time unit impulse [n-k] is non zero only when k=n The summation sifts through all x[k] , preserving values for k=n

Discrete Time Convolution

In a Linear Time Invariant System The Convolution Sum, Superposition Sum

Also represented as
h[n] 2 1 0.5 x[n]

Discrete Time Convolution

h[n-k]
2

x[n] 0.5
0.5

0.5 h[n]

2 h[n-1] 2

y[n]
2.5 2 0.5

Continuous Time Convolution

Continuous Time Signals and Sifting Property

A Continuous Time signal can be approximated as a linear combination of delayed pulses

This equation is the sifting property of Continuous time impulse (t- ) is non zero only when t= The integral sifts through all x(t) , preserving values for t=

Continuous Time Convolution

In a Linear Time Invariant System The Convolution or Superposition Integral

Also represented as

Continuous time Convolution

Each function is expressed in terms of . One of the functions is reflected about y-axis. : g()g( ). time-offset, t, is added to slide g(t ) along the -axis. Starting t at - and sliding all the way to +. Wherever the two functions intersect, integral of their product is computed. The convolution is a sliding weighted average of f()

Continuous time Convolution

Applications of Convolution

Applications Of Convolution

Impulse Response and Output Of Linear Time Invariant Systems Optics Acoustics

The Impulse response of an LTI System

the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse
Linear Time Invariant System Impulse Response Output h[n]

Impulse Input [n] [n] (t)

h(t)

Impulse Response and Output Of an LTI System

the convolution of the input signal with the impulse response gives the output of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system .
Linear Time Invariant System Impulse response h[n]

Input x[n]

Output x[n]*h[n]

Continuous Time: x(t)

x(t)*h(t)

Impulse Response and Output of an LTI System

Input signal

Impulse function of LTI System

Output of the LTI system

By using Infinite Sum formula:

Shadows

A shadow is the convolution of the shape of the light source that is casting the shadow and the object whose shadow is being cast

Blur

An out-of-focus photograph is the convolution of the sharp image with the shape of the iris diaphragm

Echo

an echo is the convolution of the original sound with a function representing the various objects that are reflecting it.

Conclusion

Convolution: an Integral of the Product Signal as a linear combination of shifted impulses (The Sifting property) Convolution examples in Discrete time and Continuous Time Applications of Convolution
Response of an LTI system Optics Acoustics

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