Evaluation and Selection of

Dental Materials

Dr. Layla Abu Naba’a

BDS, PhD, MFD RCS

Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics

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OBJECTIVES

• What Are Biomaterials?

• Selection Of Dm Is A Part Of The Dental Care
Spectrum
• DM Is One Of The Fastest Developing Dental
Sciences, With Ancient Roots (History)
• How Do You Select Your Material
• How Are Dental Materials Evaluated
• Role Of The Dental Team
• How To Extract Dental Material Information
• References
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WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS?

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BIOMATERIALS

Definition:
• A none living material designed to
interact with a biological system
“Human Body”.

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DENTAL MATERIALS
Definition:
The study of the materials related to the dental
treatment in terms of :
 Composition
 Properties
 Interactions with the oral environment
 Selection

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Ex
am
D in
ia at
gn io
H os n
Dental Care

al
D t is
is ac
ea ti
St se ve
M

ab
D

R ili
ze
eh
ab
re il i
ve ta
nt te
he
r
si
on
DM, The part of a spectrun

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VARIETIES of DM
Soft or hard
Intra-oral or extra-oral
Restorative
 Direct or indirect restorative material
 Permanent or temporary
 Fixed or removable

Preventive
 Therapeutic
 protective

Auxiliary
 Required for the fabrication
 Not part of the final prosthesis

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GROUPS OF DM

• Metals
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Composites 8
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DM is one of the fastest

developing dental sciences, with
ancient roots.

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HISTORY
 2500 BCE Dental Diseases Treated
 600-300 Bridges/ Gold Rings, Teeth
 Romans Gold Shells, Fixed Bridges Full And Partial
Dentures
 1700 Ivory Basis And Natural Teeth Dentures 1700
Porcelain Teeth
 1844 Vulcanate Denture Base
 650 -1800 Silver Paste
 1846 Band Amalgam
 1850 Vulcanite (Sulphur Hardened Rubber)
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HISTORY
 1879 Zinc Phosphate Cement
 1880 Sillicate Cements Are Developed
 1895 Amalgam Formula
 1855 Gold Foil
 1907 Casting Gold Inlays
 1932 Resins For Denture Bases
 1955 Acid Etching
• 1874 Fluorides
• 1945 Fluoridation Of Water
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HISTORY
 1950s Acrylic Resin For Fillings/ Dentures
 1955 Acid-etch Technique For Enamel
 1970 Composites Replace Silicate Cements
 1976 Glass-ionomer Cements
 1978 Light-activated Composites Appear On The Market
 1983 Resin-bonded Ceramic Veneer
 1985 Dentine Bonding Agents
 1988 Resin-modified Glass-ionomer
 1994 Compomer

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How do you select the material?

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Analysis
Situations requiring the dental material provide
different conditions
Example
Filling material
• Age
• Position
• Depth of cavity
• Colour
• Stress

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Requirements
What are the criteria the dental material
must have to perform optimally in the
previous situation

Fillings
 Adhesive
 Colour
 Compatible with other material
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Available material
 In the country
 In the store
 In the surgery

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Choice of material
 Knowledge
 Personal preference
 Experience
 Quality
 Application
 Cost

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Evaluation of dental
materials

Quality assurance

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Standard Specifications

Identifies the required properties

of material to insure satisfactory
performance if the material is
properly manipulated.

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Standard Specifications
 Develop new specifications (a minimal

permissible result)

 Review old standards regularly

 Look for evidence of

Safety

Efficacy evidence

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Quality assurance Bodies and
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Programs
 American National standards institute (ANSI)
 American Dental Association (ADA)
Standards committee for dental products (SCDP)
Council on scientific affairs (CSA)
 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
 Federation Dentaire internationale (FDI)
 International organization for Standardisation
(ISO)
 ISO technical committee, ISO TC 106-
Dentistry
 CE
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Sources of Standards information
 Research organisations • Laboratory
 Universities evidence
 Dental Profession (in-vitro)
 Manufacturers
 Users
 Consumer groups
• Clinical Evidence
 Dental vendors
(in-vivo)
 Testing laboratories
 Governments
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Role Of The Dental Team

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Dentists, Assistants & Technicians
 Proper Selection
 Care
 Safety
 Delivery
 Application
 Use and handling
 Disposal
 Advice
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How to extract information

Get the most of what

you have

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Sources of DM Knowledge
 Text books (Basic)
 Professional journals (Scientific)
 Lectures (General)
 Review bodies (Comparisons)
 Certificates prerequisites (Detailed)
 Materials containers, leaflets and packages
(Use)
 Internet links
 Manufacturers
 Expert personal contact
 Material representatives
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2 Evidence based knowledge;
Clinical studies
 Systematic review articles, meta analysis
 Critical reviews
 Long term clinical trials
 Cohort studies on subjects
 Follow up studies of material longevity
 Short term clinical studies
 Animal experiments
 Physical properties data
 In-vitro experiments
 Deductions from clinical trials
 (if more F release then less caries, high strength
ceramics have less failure)
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Examples of Review bodies
• Reality
• Dental advisor
• Clinical research associates

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The package
• Name of the material
• Company or manufacturer details
• Main and sub category
• Uses
• Ingredients
• Contents
• Approval body
• Production and expiry dates
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The package
• Storage (Temperature and humidity)
• Dispensation method
• Working and Setting times
• Handling (read symbols)
• Safety instructions
• Disposal method recommended
• Other specifications
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Storage

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Clinical use

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Caution and Safety

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Thank you

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0 REFERENCES
PUBLICATIO
Y C
NAME AUTHORS N ED ODE
EAR
COMPANY
Dr Layla Abu- Jordan
Clinical experience,
Naba'a university of 2
Assistant professor,
BDS, PhD, Science and 006
Prosthodontics
MFDRCS Technology
Philips Science of Dental Kenneth Saunders 2
11  
Materials J.Anusavice  Publications  003
Blackwell
Applied Dental Materials J.F. McCabe   8    
Scientific
Introduction to Dental 2
Van Noort  Mosby  2  
Materials 002
Dental Materials and 2
Quintessens
Their Selection William J. Obrien 3 002 
e Books
  
Dental Materials. Clinical
Applications for Dental CD. Hatrick et Saunders 2
1  
Assistants and Dental al Publications  003
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