Electrical/Electronics 3

AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTER NETWORKS

OBJECTIVES
Describe automotive computer networks. Identify the different types of automotive computer networks. Describe the operation of automotive computer networks. Describe how to test an automotive computer network.

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

Modules receive & send signals:

In

analog & digital form. Through data links.

Some modules transmit data in only one direction. Other modules can transmit data in both directions.

NETWORKS

Allow:
Computers

to communicate with each other. Information to be shared between computers on the network.

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

Modules that communicate with each other may include:

ABS

module (Antilock Brake System) BCM (Body Control Module) ECM (Engine Control Module) Suspension Control Module Climate Control Module Cruise Control Module Power Steering Control Module PCM (Powertrain Control Module)

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

Modules that communicate with each other may include:

Remote

Keyless Entry Module Drivers Door Module Drivers Seat Module Lighting Control Module Front Electronic Module Rear Electronic Module

NETWORKS

An automotive network refers to the control modules and wiring that allows communication to take place.

NETWORKS
Provide improved diagnostic capabilities. A scan tool is connected to the vehicles network at the Data Link Connector (DLC).

DATA LINK CONNECTOR

The DLC allows for:

Diagnosis

of the entire network at a single point. Monitoring system inputs. Controlling system outputs.

DATA LINK CONNECTOR

The DLC is usually a 16-pin connector located under the instrument panel.

DATA BUS

The wires that connect the control modules and scan tool to each other.

BINARY CODE
Modules on a network communicate using binary code. Binary code is represented as zeros and ones.

BINARY CODE
The ones usually represent a high voltage reading, typically 5, 7, or 12 volts. The zeros usually represent a low voltage reading, typically 0 volts.

BINARY CODE
Each 0 or 1 is referred to as a bit. 8 bits make up one byte or word.

BINARY CODE

Modules interpret this binary code as messages from other modules on the network.

PROTOCOL
The electronic language that the network uses. Protocols use binary numbers to speak different electronic languages.

PROTOCOL
Different networks operate at different speeds. The speed is referred to as the baud rate.

PROTOCOL
There are many different protocols depending on the manufacturer. There are some similarities.

PROTOCOL

More than one network may be used on the same vehicle, depending on vehicle features.

PROTOCOL

Most control modules are connected to one network only.

PROTOCOL
Some modules may be connected to more than one network. These modules must understand and speak more than one protocol.

MULTIPLE NETWORK EXAMPLE

The instrument cluster module (ICM) receives vehicle speed information from the ABS module. Both are on different networks.

MULTIPLE NETWORK EXAMPLE

The ICM translates the information and sends it to the temperature control module. The temperature control module is on its own network.

PROTOCOL

Scan tools:
Are designed to understand and speak more than one protocol. Can communicate with several different networks.

NETWORKS

Two basic Types of networks:

Diagnostic
Multiplex

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

Only communicat es:

When

a scan tool is connected. In one direction.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

A single wire data bus connects the modules to the DLC.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

The scan tool communicates with each module.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK
Each module communicat es with the scan tool. Modules do not communicat e with each other.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

The module can only transmit one piece of data at a time.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

Information is very slow.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK

If a short to power or short to ground occurs, the entire network will not operate.

DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK
If an open occurs, the scan tool cannot communicate with that module. The rest of the network will operate normally.

MULTIPLEX NETWORKS

Allows for:
Module-to-module

communication. Sharing of information between modules. Communication with a scan tool (most applications).

MULTIPLEX NETWORKS

Types of multiplex networks may include:

Single

wire Twisted wire Audio CAN (Controller Area Network)

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

A single communication wire is used. Information is sent back and forth along the same wire.

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

Lower in cost. Designed for systems that do not require high speed or high volume data transfer.

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

Typically used for body and audio system components.

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

Messages are sent across the data bus as a series of 0 volt pulses.
Typically

starts at 12 volts. Pulsed to 0 volts by a module.

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

If a short to power or short to ground occurs, the entire network is disabled.

SINGLE WIRE NETWORKS

If an open occurs:
Modules

after the open cannot communicate. The rest of the network will operate normally.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

Modules on some multiplex networks communicate over a twisted pair of wires.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

Twisting the wires helps to reduce electrical interference. Data bus wires are designated as bus+ and bus-.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

Messages are sent across the data bus as voltage pulses. Each pulse is one bit.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

A series of bits is recognized by the module as a binary message.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

Each wire carries identical messages as a mirror image of each other.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

A module can read the message from either wire. Both circuits are not required.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

If damage occurs to one wire, the system continues to operate normally. A network test will identify the fault.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

If damage occurs to both wires, multiple concerns will exist. Modules depend on each other for data.

TWISTED WIRE NETWORKS

A total loss of communication will result in multiple DTCs from different modules on the network. Complete network failure is rare due to the two paths for communication.

AUDIO NETWORKS

Some manufacturers use a network designed to allow audio components to communicate with each other.

AUDIO NETWORKS

These systems may:

Use

a twisted pair of wires. Include the climate control system. Include a third wire, Audio System On (ASYSON) Incorporate a self-test procedure.

AUDIO NETWORKS

ASYSON:
When

the key is turned ON, a voltage is sent on this wire to wake up any modules that may have shut down.

AUDIO NETWORKS

Self-test procedure:
Varies

between applications. Refer to service manual for specific vehicle procedures.

AUDIO NETWORKS

Self-test procedure:
Codes

are shown in the control panel display.

AUDIO NETWORKS
This type of network must have both data bus wires in tact. If either wire fails, there will be a loss of communication between modules.

AUDIO NETWORKS

The entire network will be disabled if either wire is:

Shorted

to power Shorted to ground Shorted to each other

AUDIO NETWORKS
If a wire opens, any module after the open will not operate. The rest of the system will operate normally.

CAN (CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK)

Low cost network that allows high-speed module-to-module communication. All manufacturers are required to use a CAN network by 2006.

CAN (CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK)

Operates at up to 500 kilobytes per second.

CAN (CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK)

Communicates over a twisted pair of wires.

CAN

H (High) CAN L (Low)

The CAN network is connected to the DLC on some applications.

NETWORK DIAGNOSIS
A scan tool may be used to test the network. If the module is unable to communicate with the scan tool, the scan tool will identify that there is a network problem.

NETWORK DIAGNOSIS

Reasons for no communication

Insufficient

power Insufficient ground Network circuit failure Module failure

NETWORK DIAGNOSIS

Communication may fail due to the vehicle not being equipped with the module.

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

Scan tools may be used to:

Perform

on-demand self tests Retrieve Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Monitor and record live data Control outputs

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

U-code identifies that the:

Module

did not receive the data it expected. Data is invalid or missing.

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

A U-code may be due to an input failure.

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

A U-code may be due to a network failure.

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

Live Data can be viewed from several modules at the same time.

SCAN TOOL DIAGNOSIS

A scan tool can send a request to a module to command an output device.

NETWORK DIAGNOSIS

A communication line can also be tested using a DVOM by:

Testing

for continuity between two modules. Testing for voltage while communication is taking place.

Always consult wiring diagrams for specific vehicle information. Unplug/Reconnect Modules!(Scan Tool)

SUMMARY

In this presentation, you learned:

What

an automotive computer network is and how it works. The differences between different types of automotive computer networks. How to test an automotive computer network.