A SEMONAR ON FARADAYS LAW

BY TUSHAL KYADA ROLL NO: 911 GUIDE: Dr. V.V.MATHANE

ELECTROMETALLURGY AND CORROSION MATERIAL SCIENCE & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING, KALABHAVAN,BARODA OCTOBER-2011.

FARADAYS LAW
INTRODUCTION:

Michel Faraday was an English chemist. In 1833 he established certain relationships between the quantity of electricity passed through an electrolyte and the amount of any material liberated/deposited at the electrode. His findings were known as the two laws of electrolysis.

For example, the thickness of the silver plate that is deposited electrochemically on
a spoon is greater if the electrical current is allowed to flow longer.

FIRST LAW

According to it during electrolysis, the amount of any substance deposited or evolved at any electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.

Quantity of electricity passed (Q) is equal to the product of the current and the time for which it is passed. Q = current * time. Q = I * T.

The practical unit of electricity is coulomb, which is the quantity of electricity passed through a conductor/electrolyte, when a current of 1 ampere flows for 1 second.

Thus,

coulomb =ampere * second

If W is the weight of the substance liberated/deposited at an electrode during electrolysis then from 1st law

W Q

But,

Q = I * T.

W = Z * I * T.
So, W I * T. where,

W = wt. of substance formed at the electrode {gms}

Z = electrochemical equivalent. I = current {amp.}

T = time {sec.}

In order to use Faradays law we need to recognize the relationship between current, time and the amount of electric charge that flows through a circuit.

By definition, 1 coulomb of charge is transferred when 1-amp current flows for 1 second. 1 coulomb = 1 amp-sec.

APPLICATION:

Converse application of this law permits the use of quantity of electrolytically decomposed matter as a measure of the quantity of electricity used. The apparatus used for this purpose is calorimeter.

SECOND LAW: According to it the amount of different substance evolveld/deposited by the passage of same quantity are proportional to their chemical equivalent weights

W E.
where, W = wt. of substance liberated or deposited

E = chemical equivalent weight of substance liberated/deposited.

E = A -----Ne.

It was observed during the process that the quantity of electricity which must be passed in order to deposit / evolve 1 gram equivalent of any substance is constant and this is called FARADAY which is equivalent to 96,500 coulomb. 1 faraday = Amount of electricity required to deposit 1 gram equivalent of any substance From 2nd law, 1 gram equivalent of substance will be deposited by 96,500 coulomb. Thus, A/Ne gram of substance will be deposited by 96,500. W gram will be deposited by F *W ------(A/Ne) Quantity of electricity = I * T Thus, F * W/(A/Ne) =I * T

This equation represents combined form of faradays 1st & 2nd law.

APPLICATION:

It helps in determining the equivalent weight of an element.

Example, If the same amount of electricity is passed through two electrolytic cells containing the solution of two different electrolytes AB and CD and if the weights of A and C deposited/evolved on their resp. electrodes are X and Y grams. Then according to 2nd law. weight of A deposited ----------------------------weight of C deposited X ----Y = Chemical equivalent of A ------------------------------Chemical equivalent of C Ea ----Ec

Thus knowing the weights of two elements A and C deposited and equivalent weight of any one, the equivalent weight of the other can b calculated.

PROBLEMS ON FARADAYS LAW: EXAMPLE-1. Calculate the weight of silver deposited when current of 0.5 ampere strength was 40 minutes in an electrolytic cell, containing silver nitrate solution. (Chemical equivalent of silver = 108). passed for

Solution:
Quantity of electricity passed = Ampere (I) * time in sec. (T). = 0.5 * (40 * 60)

Now we know that:

96,500 coulomb deposit = 1 gm equivalent of Ag. Thus 1,200 coulomb deposit = 1,200 * 108 of Ag ----------------------96,500 = 1.343 gm of Ag.

EXAMPLE-2. How long would it take to deposit 100 gm of AL ( at. Wt.=27 ) from an electrolytic cell, containing AL2O3 at a current of 125 amp.? Solution: Al + 3e = Al (s). 3 mole = 1 mole =27 gm. therefore, 27 gm of AL needs = 3 mole of electrons. or, 100 gm of AL needs = 3 * 100 mole of electrons ------------------------------27 = 3 * 100 * 96,500 coulomb --------------------------------27 = 1.0722 * 10^6 coulomb. Quantity of electricity passed, Q = 125 amp * t sec. = 125 t coulomb. Hence, 125 t = 1.0722 * 10^6

t = 1.0722 * 10^6 sec --------------------12

= 8,577.8 sec
t = 2 hr, 22 min, 57.8 sec. ADVANTAGE:

Estimation of amount of electricity required for electrolytic process.

Weight of substance evolved/deposited during electrolysis process. Applicable to Fused salt as well as aqueous solution.