ATM Overview

Networking Academy ATM Session

ATM Overview 1

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Characteristics of ATM
Voice Data Video Cells

Uses small, fixed-sized cells Connection-oriented Supports multiple service types Applicable to LAN and WAN
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ATM Overview
Private ATM Network ATM Switch Public ATM Network

ADSU HSSI ATM Router LAN Switch PBX Router

PBX

ATM Switch - LS1010, LS2020, LS100. ATM Router - C4500/4700, C7200, C7000/7500 LAN Switch w/ATM up-link - Cat5000/5500, Cat2820, Cat3x00 ATM DXI (HSSI to ATM) - ALL Cisco routers that support HSSI interface. CES (Circuit Emulation) - C7200 (CES-PA), LS1010
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ATM Overview

ATM Basic
Public UNI aka B-ICI Public ATM Network

UNI

NNI

NNI
Token Ring

NNI Private ATM Network

UNI = User-to-Network Interface

NNI = Network-to-Network Interface Cell header content varies depending on whos talking to whom
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Creating Cells from Packets

Packet Dest. Address Source Address Data Frame Check

Cells Header

Payload
Header Payload Header Payload Header Payload

5 Byte Header
53 Bytes

48 Byte Payload
ATM Cell

ATM Overview

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ATM Cell Header

5 Byte Header 53 Bytes 48 Byte Payload

ATM Cell
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ATM Cell Header Details

GFC (4) VCI (16) PTI HEC CLP

VPI (8)

VPI (12)

GFC

48 Byte Payload

Generic Flow Control UNI Cells Only! VPI/VCI Identifies Virtual Paths and Channels PTI Payload Type Identifier 3 Bits:
1. User/Control Data 2. Congestion 3. Last Cell

VCI (16) PTI HEC CLP

48 Byte Payload

ATM UNI Cell

CLP HEC

Cell Loss Priority Bit Header Error Check 8 Bit CRC

ATM NNI Cell

ATM Overview

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
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Connection Types
S2 1 1 S6 1 S2 S6

S1 S3
2 S4 2 S7

S8 S5
2

S1

S3 VC

S5

S8

S4

S7

Connectionless: Packet Routing Path 1 = S1, S2, S6, S8

Connection Oriented: Cell Switching VC = S1, S4, S7, S8 Data takes the same path and arrives in sequence

Path 2 = S1, S4, S7, S8

Data can take different path and can arrive out of order

ATM Overview

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ATM Basic
Connection oriented - Virtual circuit must to
be setup prior to any data transfer.

Each circuit is identified by 2 numbers Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI). A Virtual Path is a bundle of Virtual Channel. VPI and VCI has only local significant across a particular link.
ATM Overview
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Virtual Path and Virtual Channels

Virtual Channels (VC)

ATM Physical Link Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) E3 OC12

Virtual Path (VP)

Virtual Path (VP)

Virtual Channels (VC)

Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) Contains Multiple VPs

Virtual Path (VP) Contains Multiple VCs

Virtual Channel (VC) Logical Path Between ATM End Points

Connection Identifier = VPI/VCI

ATM Overview
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ATM Switches
Input
1 2 1 2/9 4/5 6/4

Output
VPI/VCI 4/5 2/9 2/9 45 2 1 3

Port VPI/VCI Port

29

64

1 3
29

2/9

6/4

ATM switches translate VPI/VCI values VPI/VCI value unique only per interface eg: locally significant and may be re-used elsewhere in network
ATM Overview
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VP and VC Switching
Port VPI/VCI 1 2/100 1 2/110 5 5/110 Port 4 3 4 VPI/VCI 7/110 1/50 7/100

OR

Port 1 2

VPI 2 5

Port 4 3

VPI 7 1

VCI 100 VCI 110

VPI 2

Port 1 Port 2

Port 3 Port 4

VPI 1

VCI 50

VCI 110

VPI 5

VPI 7

VCI 100 VCI 110

A cell is switch at VC or VP level. VC Switching - Switch receive a cell with a configured VPI and VCI,
it lookup its connection table to determine outgoing port (or ports) with new VPI/VCI value. VP Switching - Switch receive a cell with known VPI is send out to new port with new VP value.
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VP and VC Switching
VC Switch
VCI 1 VPI 1

VCI 2

VCI 3 VPI 3

VCI 4 Port 2 VPI 2

VP Switch
Port 1

VPI 2

VCI 1
VCI 2

VPI 1

VPI 3

VCI 1 VCI 2

VPI 4

VPI 5

Port 3
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Virtual Channels and Virtual Paths

Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) Virtual Path Connection (VPC)

UNI
NNI VC Switch VPI = 1 VCI = 1 VP Switch VPI = 2 VCI = 44 NNI VC Switch VPI = 26 VCI = 44

UNI

VPI = 20 VCI = 30

This hop-by-hop forwarding is known as cell relay

ATM Overview

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Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
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ATM Address
Address Management
20 Bytes (40 Digits)

Prefix
13 Bytes (26 Digits)

ESI
6 Bytes (12 Digits)

AFI

ICD

DSP

ESI

SEL

IDP IDI

ICD ATM Format DSP = ESI =

1 Byte

AFI ICD IDP IDI

= = = =

Authority and Format Identifier International Code Designator Initial Domain Part Initial Domain Identifier

Domain Specific Part End System Identifier (MAC Address) SEL = Selector

ATM Overview

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ATM Address
Address Management Real life ATM address example:
47.0091.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.1111.1111.1111.00

--------------ATM Prefix----------------MAC-----NA

Also referred to as an NSAP address

ATM Overview

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ATM Transport Standards

Address Management
ILMI Automatic Address Management

Here is My MAC Address (ESI) (00c0.acdc.3124.efa8) What is My ATM Prefix?

Here is Your ATM Prefix 47.0090

Goal: No manual configuration of end stations

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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ATM Connection

PVC SVC Soft PVC

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Setting up ATM VC
Three types of ATM connections:

Permanent Virtual Connections (PVC): Manual configuration, typically static configuration. Switched Virtual Connections (SVC): Circuit thats setup automatically through signaling protocol. Most higher layer protocols operating over ATM use SVCs (LANE, MPOA, RFC1577 - CLIP.)

Soft PVC: Combination of SVC and PVC.

ATM Overview
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Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)

Input
2 1 3
1 4

Output
4 3 1 15 29 64

Input
2 1 3
2

Output
3 3 1 14 29 64

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 33 3 02 15 64 29

29

52 64 29

15 45 16
2

3 3

B Input
2 1 3 52 64 29

30

14 43
2

Output
1 3 1 29 29 64

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 45 2 16

Input
3 14 64 29

Output
4 3 1 10 29 64

10

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 16 2 43 1 3

Manual configuration. Easy to understand and configure, but tedious. All connection mapping are static, does not re-route around down link.
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ATM Overview

25

Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)

Input Output Input Output
Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45

A
UNI Signaling

1
3
1

64
29
4

3
1

29
64
1

1
3

64
29

3
1

29
64

NNI Signaling

3 3

UNI Signaling

B Input
2 1 3 52 64 29

Output
1 3 1 29 29 64

2
2 1 4

Input

Output

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI

1 3

64 29

3 1

29 64

Dynamically set up connections via signaling

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)

Input Output Input Output
Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45 Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45

A
UNI Signaling

1
3
1

64
29
4

3
1

29
64
1

1
3

64
29

3
1

29
64

NNI Signaling

3 3

UNI Signaling

B Input
2 1 3 52 64 29

Output
1 3 1 29 29 64

2
2 1 4

Input

Output

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 45 2 16

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 16 2 43

1 3

64 29

3 1

29 64

Transfer data over newly established link

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)

Input Output Input Output
Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45

A
UNI Signaling

1
3
1

64
29
4

3
1

29
64
1

1
3

64
29

3
1

29
64

NNI Signaling

3 3

UNI Signaling

B Input
2 1 3 52 64 29

Output
1 3 1 29 29 64

2
2 1 4

Input

Output

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI

1 3

64 29

3 1

29 64

ATM Overview

Dynamically tear down connections via signaling

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Soft PVC
Input Output Input Output
Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45 Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 29 3 45

64
29

3
1

29
64

1
3

64
29

3
1

29
64

A
UNI Signaling

3
1

NNI Signaling
1
2

UNI Signaling

B Input
2 1 3 52 64 29

C Input Output

Output
1 3 1 29 29 64

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI

Port VPI/VCI Port VPI/VCI 1 16 2 43

1 3

64 29

3 1

29 64

PVC established manually across UNI and dynamically across NNI

ATM Overview
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Setting up SVC
Station A wants to connect to Station B:
Station A send a call setup to the Station Bs ATM address via signaling channel (VPI/VCI = 0/5) Call-setup signaling is routed through ATM switches to Station B. Station B accepts the Call-setup request, send ACK back to Station A. Connection is established Once ACK is received by Station A, a end-to-end circuit is established through ATM network. VPI/VCI number is dynamically assigned between each hop.
Requirements: 1. Addressing 2. Signaling 3. Path Determination (routing)

ATM Overview

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Agenda
Introduction ATM Fundamentals
The ATM Cell ATM Connections The ATM Address

ATM PVCs & SVCs Configuring RFC1483 PVCs & SVCs

ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Configuration (1483 Routed)

Cisco 7000

Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.2

A2/0

Configuration of San Jose Router

interface ATM0 ip address 172.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 atm pvc 1 0 40 aal5snap atm pvc 2 0 50 aal5snap 1500 512 64 map-group 1483pvc map-list 1483pvc ip 172.10.10.2 atm-vc 1 broadcast

ATM Cloud
Cisco 4700 A0 A1/1/1 Denver A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa A3/0/1

Cisco 4700 A0 New York ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.3

San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1

Light Stream 1010

Light Stream 1010

Destination VCD VPI VCI New York Chicago 1 2 0 50 0 40

ip 172.10.10.3 atm-vc 2 broadcast

ip 172.10.10.1 atm-vc 1 broadcast

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Configuration (1483 Routed)

Configuration of Denver LightStream 1010 Switch
interface ATM1/1/1 description Link to San Jose Router interface ATM1/1/2 description Link to Iowa switch no keepalive atm pvc 1 40 interface ATM1/1/1 0 40 atm pvc 1 50 interface ATM1/1/1 0 50
Cisco 7000

Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.2

A2/0

ATM Cloud
Cisco 4700 A0 A1/1/1 Denver A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa A3/0/1

Cisco 4700 A0

Configuration of Iowa Light Stream 1010 Switch

interface ATM3/0/0 description Link to Denver switch no keepalive interface ATM3/0/1 description Link to New York Router no keepalive atm pvc 0 50 interface ATM3/0/0 1 50 interface ATM3/0/2 description Link to Chicago Router no keepalive atm pvc 0 40 interface ATM3/0/0 1 40 atm pvc 0 60 interface ATM3/0/1 0 60

San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1

Light Stream 1010

Light Stream 1010

New York ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.3

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Configuration (1483 Routed)

Cisco 7000 Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.2 A2/0

ATM Cloud

Configuration of New York Router

interface ATM0
ip address 172.10.10.3 255.255.255.0 atm pvc 1 0 50 aal5snap 1500 512 64 atm pvc 2 0 60 aal5snap map-group 1483pvc map-list 1483pvc ip 172.10.10.1 atm-vc 1 broadcast ip 172.10.10.2 atm-vc 2 broadcast ip 172.10.10.3 atm-vc 1 broadcast
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco 4700 A0 A1/1/1

Denver A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa A3/0/1

Cisco 4700 A0

San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1

Light Stream 1010

Light Stream 1010

New York ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.3

Destination VCD VPI VCI San Jose Chicago 1 2 0 50 0 60

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Topology
Cisco 1483 with PVC (Bridged)
Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.11.2 Cisco 4700

A2/0

ATM Cloud
Cisco 7500 A0 San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1 172.10.11.1
ATM Overview
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Denver A1/1/1 A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa A3/0/1 A0

Cisco 5000

LightStream 1010

LightStream 1010

New York ATM Side Address Management IP 172.10.10.3

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Configuration (1483 Bridged)

Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.11.2 Cisco 4700

Configuration of San Jose Router

interface ATM0.1 point-to-multipoint description Circuit to New York atm pvc 1 0 50 aal5snap map-group 1483pvc bridge-group 1 interface ATM0.2 point-to-point description Circuit to Chicago ip address 172.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 atm pvc 2 0 40 aal5snap interface BVI1 ip address 172.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 map-list 1483pvc bridge atm-vc 1 broadcast bridge irb bridge 1 protocol ieee bridge 1 route ip
San Jose ATM Side Address LightStream 1010 IP: 172.10.10.1 172.10.11.1 Cisco 7500 A0 A1/1/1 Denver

A2/0

ATM Cloud
A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa
A3/0/1 A0

Catalyst 5000

LightStream 1010

New York ATM Side Address Management IP: 172.10.10.3

Destination VCD VPI VCI New York Chicago 1 2 0 50 0 40

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Configuration (1483 Bridged)

No configuration change on LS1010
Configuration of Denver LightStream 1010 Switch
interface ATM1/1/1 description Link to San Jose Router interface ATM1/1/2 description Link to Iowa switch no keepalive atm pvc 1 40 interface ATM1/1/1 0 40 atm pvc 1 50 interface ATM1/1/1 0 50
Cisco 7000 Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.2 A2/0

ATM Cloud
Cisco 4700 A0 A1/1/1 Denver A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa
A3/0/1 A0

Cisco 4700

San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1

LightStream 1010

LightStream 1010

New York ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.3

Configuration of Iowa LightStream 1010 Switch

interface ATM3/0/0 description Link to Denver switch no keepalive interface ATM3/0/1 description Link to New York Router no keepalive atm pvc 0 50 interface ATM3/0/0 1 50 interface ATM3/0/2 description Link to Chicago Router no keepalive atm pvc 0 40 interface ATM3/0/0 1 40 atm pvc 0 60 interface ATM3/0/1 0 60

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Configuration (1483 Bridged)

Cisco 4700 Chicago ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.11.2 A2/0

Configuration of New York Switch

(LANE module):
interface ATM0 atm pvc 10 0 50 aal5snap atm bind pvc vlan 10 1
Cisco 7500 A0 A1/1/1

ATM Cloud
Denver A1/1/2 A3/0/0

A3/0/2 Iowa A3/0/1

Catalyst 5000 A0

San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1 172.10.11.1

LightStream 1010

LightStream 1010

New York ATM Side Address Management IP: 172.10.10.3

This command maps a vlan into a atm cirucuit Atm bind pvc vlan <vcd#> <vlan#>

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2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Configuration
(Back to Back)
Cisco 4700 A0 San Jose ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.1 A0 New York ATM Side Address IP: 172.10.10.3 Cisco 7500

Configuration of San Jose Router

interface ATM0 atm clock internal ip address 172.10.10.1 255.255.255.0

Configuration of New York Router

interface ATM0 ip address 172.10.10.3 255.255.255.0 atm pvc 1 0 40 aal5snap

atm pvc 1 0 40 aal5snap

map-group 1483pvc map-list 1483pvc ip 172.10.10.3 atm-vc 1 broadcast

map-group 1483pvc
map-list 1483pvc ip 172.10.10.1 atm-vc 1 broadcast

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Presentation_ID

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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