ARTHROPODA

5 Interesting Facts about Arthropoda

• Making up more than 80% of all animals;

• When a tarantula is angry, it will pull off some of its

hairs and throws them to its prey;

• A cockroach can live for 5 days after its head is

removed;

• A dragonfly is able to fly at a speed of 30 mph;

• Total weight of arthropoda is more than the other

animals combined.
 ARTHROPODA - GENERAL

• The name means jointed legs;

• Most successful of all animals;
• Represents 80% of all animals;
• > 1 million spp. Already identified (estimate 6 – 9
million);
• Habitat: deep oceans – highest mountains;
• Size:
– Biggest: ‘king crab’ (12 feet including legs)
– Small: example: copepoda
ARTHROPODA - CHARACTERISTICS
– Bilateral symmetry;
– Body divided into 3 sections;
• head (made up of 6 segments)
• thorax
• abdomen
some groups: (eg prawn with cephalothorax)
– Outer segmentation only (no septa)
– Jointed appendages
• 1 or 2 pairs per segment,
• Sometimes modified for specific task
• Joints allow easier and faster movements.
 ARTHROPODA –
CHARACTERISTICS(cont)

– Exoskeleton made of chitin

• Terrestrial sp: exoskeleton layered with wax – protection
from dehydration
• Removed from time to time;
• Disadvantage – heavy – modified in flying spp.

– Molting
• New exoskeleton formed prior to molting;
• During molting, abdominal muscle contracts and fluid
moves to the anterior region;
• Head expand, causing exoskeleton to split.
 ARTHROPODA –
CHARACTERISTICS (cont)

– True coelom reduced during adult stage;

• During adult stage almost entire body cavity becomes a
hemoecel filled with blood;
– Complete digestive system: mouth, enteron and
anus;
– Open circulatory system : dorsal heart, artery and
messenchyma blood cavity (sinus)
– Respiration by absorption (body surface), trachea
(air tubes), book lungs, gills;
– Excretory system – green gland (crayfish) or
Malphigian tubules (Insecta)
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – LOBSTER
Respiratory System of Prawn
TRACHEAL SYSTEM - Insecta

Trachea - grasshopper
Green Gland of Crayfish - excretion
 EXCRETION IN INSECTA

• Malphigian Tubule
– Folding of intestine forming a pouch;
– Pouch bathed with blood in hemoecel
– Waste materials absorbed and moved into
pouch and removed through intestine
• Waste Material – uric acid
ARTHROPODA – Classification
• Subphylum Trilobita

• Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata (horse-shoe crab)
Class Arachnida (spiders)

• Subphylum Mandibulata
– Class Crustacea (shrimp, copepoda)
– Class Diplopoda (eg millipedes)
– Class Chilopoda (eg centipedes)
– Class Insecta (insects)
 ARTHROPODA – Classification (cont)
• Subphylum Trilobita - extinct
 ARTHROPODA – Classification (cont)

• Subphylum Chelicerata
– First pair of appendages – celicera (with
claws)
– Second pair – padipalp
– No antenna
Class Merostomata (horse-shoe crabs)
Class Arachnida (spiders)
Subphylum: Chelicerata

Class Merostomata (horse-shoe crabs)

- 5 spp. still exist;
- marine animal
- Hard shell to protect cephalothorax;
- feed on small invertebrates;
- second pair appendages resemble
legs
- respiration – book lung
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class Arachnida -

Scorpion Spider
(Scorpionida) (Araneae)

Tick
(Acari)
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class Arachnida

- almost 100,000 spp identified

spider (50,000)
ticks and mites (48,000)
scorpion

- respiration – trachea, book lung

Subphylum: Mandibulata

– Class Crustacea (shrimps, crabs,

copepoda)
– Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
– Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
– Class Insecta (insects)
CLASS CRUSTACEA

• Estimated 30,000 sp
• Most aquatic (especially marine)
• 2 pairs of antennae
• 1 pair of mandible
• 1 pair of compound eyes
• 1 pair appendages per segment
• Most body – head, thorax, abdomen
• Repiration: gills
• Exoskeleton : hard but flexible
Class Crustacea
Sub-class:

copepoda
branchiopoda
ostrocoda
branchiura
thecostraca
malacostraca
Sub-Class Malacostraca
Phyllocarida
(sea fleas)
Stomatopoda
Decapoda
(crab, shrimp/prawn)
Peracarida
(amphipod, isopod,
mysids)
Euphausiacea
Class Diplopoda (millipede)
about 8000 spp
Head
a pair of antennae
a pair of mendible
Respiration – trachea
Feeding –
herbivours,
scavenger
Many with poison gland
CHILOPODA (Centipede)
• About 5000 sp
• Terrestrial
• Carnivour/predator
• Food: small arthropods
• A pair of antennae and
mandibles
• A pair of legs per segment
• With poison gland
CLASS INSECTA (INSECTS) - Characteristics
• 1 million spp identified (estimate few millions)
• Most successful group
• Habitat: almost all terrestrial and fresh water
• A few marine spp
• Body: 3 tagmata – head, thorax and abdomen
• Big compound eyes
• A pair of antennae
• 2 pairs of wings
• 3 pairs of legs (for walking)
• Mouth parts (depending on food)
• Respiratoion: trachea, gills
• Excretion: Malphighian tubule
CLASS INSECTA (INSECTS) – Charact (cont)

• Reproduction:
– Separate sex
– Fertilization only once (sperm stored by female)
– Use pheromone
• Growth
– Special characteristics
– Some: egg juvenile (resemble adultl)
molting grow adult

– Most: egg larva pupa adult

 INSECTA
SUBCLASS APERYGOTA (No wings)

Order Thysanura – silverfish

 INSECTA
SUBKELAS PERYGOTA (with wings)
SUPERORDER EXOPTERYGOTA (incomplete
metamorphosis)

Order Isoptera (white ants)

• Order Odonata (dragonfly)
• Order Blattaria (cockroach)
• Orthoptera (grasshopper)
• Order Mantodea (praying mantis)
 INSECTA
SUBCLASS PERYGOTA (with wings)
SUPERORDER ENDOPTERYGOTA (complete
metamorphosis)

• Order Lepidoptera (butterfly)

• Order Diptera (house fly, mosquito)
• Order Coleoptera (beetle)
• Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees)
SUPERORDER EXOPTERYGOTA (incomplete
metamorphosis)

Odonata - dragonfly

Orthoptera
-grasshopper
SUPERORDER EXOPTERYGOTA

Mantodea – praying
mantis

Blattaria – cockroach
SUPERORDER ENDOPTERYGOTA – complete
metamorphosis

Hymenoptera – ants, bees,

and hornets

- Membranous wings;
- 2 pairs of wings
SUPERORDER ENDOPTERYGOTA

Diptera – housefly

- a pair of wings
- second pair much
reduced
SUPERORDER ENDOPTERYGOTA

• Coleoptera – (sheath)
• Hard front wing pair

• Lepidoptera – scaly
wings