Proteins are high molecular weight

mixed polymers of alpha amino acids

linked together with peptide linkage.
They contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur,
phosphorous.
$$T PRTE$
8ASLu Cn lunC1lCn
8ASLu Cn CCMCSl1lCn Anu SCLu8lLl1?
8ASLu Cn SPAL
8ASLu Cn nu18l1lCnAL vALuL
BASED ON FUNCT!ON
CaLalyLlc proLelns enzymesPexoklnase pepsln
SLrucLural proLelns Collagen of bone elasLln of
skln keraLln of halrs and nalls
ConLracLlle proLelns are responslble for
movemenL Myosln AcLln
1ransporL proLelns Paemoglobln myoglobln
albumln Lransferrln
8egulaLory proLelns or hormones AC1P lnsulln
growLh hormone
eneLlc proLelns PlsLones (8egulaLlon of
eukaryoLlc gene expresslon)
roLecLlve proLelns lmmunoglobullns
lnLerferons cloLLlng facLors
BASED ON CONPOS!T!ON AND
SOLUB!L!TY
SIMLL kC1LINS rote|ns conta|n|ng on|y
am|no ac|ds as structura| components
|bum|n MosL abundanL Soluble ln waLer
CoagulaLed by heaL Can be preclplLaLed by
saLuraLlng wlLh ammonlum sulphaLe
enerally deflclenL ln glyclneeg LacLalbumln
of mllk and egg albumln
|obu||n lnsoluble ln waLer buL soluble ln
dlluLe salL soluLlons PeaL coagulable Can be
preclplLaLed by half saLuraLlon wlLh
ammonlum sulphaLe Lgg yolk serum
globullns lacLoglobullns
roLamlnes (nuclear proLeln) SLrongly baslc
(rlch ln arglnlne) Soluble ln waLer dlluLe aclds
and alkalles noL coagulaLed by heaL
roLamlne zlnc lnsullnaLe lncreases Lhe
duraLlon of lnsulln acLlon SpermaLogenesls
PlsLones Some whaL weakly baslc noL
coagulaLed by heaL lorm con[ugaLed proLelns
wlLh nuclelc aclds and porphyrlns
rolamlne (lldadlns) Soluble ln 7080
LecLln hlgh afflnlLy Lo sugar groups
reclplLaLed by 3060 ammonlum sulphaLe
8lood group Lyplng LecLln from uollchus
blflorus aggluLlnaLes human blood group A1
88Cs hyLohemaggluLlnln aggluLlnaLes all
88Cs and W8Cs
ScleroproLelns Soluble only ln hoL sLrong
aclds Collagen of bone carLllage and Lendon
keraLln of halr horn nall and hoof
CON]UCATED PROTE!NS
Combination oI protein with a non protein part
(Prosthetic group)
Glycoproteins: Hydroxyl group oI serine or
threonine and amide groups oI asparagine or
glutamine. Eg, Blood group antigens. Mucin oI
saliva. Carbohydrate content is less than 4 -
Glycoprotein.
Lipoproteins: Proteins losely combined with
lipid components. They occur in blood (Serum
L.P) and cell membrane (Membrane L.P).
ucleoproteins: Proteins attached to nucleic
acids, eg. ucleo Histones, ucleo
Protamines.
Chromoproteins: Proteins with coloured
prosthetic group. Hemoglobin (Heme red),
Flavoproteins (RiboIlavin yellow)
Phosphoproteins: contains phosphorous.
Phosphoric acid is esteriIied at serine and
threonine residues. Casein oI milk and vitelline
oI egg yolk.
Metallo proteins: Hemoglobin (Iron),
Cytochrome (iron) , Tyrosinase (Copper),
carbonic anhydrase (Zinc).
Derived proteins
uegraLlon producLs of naLlve proLelns
roLelns epLones pepLldes amlnoaclds
rlmary derlved proLelns flrsL hydrolysed producLs or denaLured or
coagulaLed producLs of proLelns
Secondary derlved proLelns degraded or breakdown producLs of
proLelns
rlmary l) CoagulaLed proLelns denaLured proLelns produced by agenLs
such as heaL aclds alkalles eLc eg coagulaLed albumln cooked
proLelns
ll) proLeans
MeLaproLelns
Secondary derlved proLelns
CLASS!F!CAT!ON BASED ON
SHAPE
LC8uLA8 8C1LlnS Spherlcal or oval ln shape Laslly soluble Albumln
globulln and proLamlne
ll88CuS 8C1LlnS 1he molecules are elongaLed or needle shaped 1helr
solublllLy ls mlnlmum 1hey reslsL dlgesLlon Collagen elasLln and keraLlns
CLASSIFICATIO BASED O
&TRITIOAL VAL&E
nuLrlLlonally rlch proLelns CompleLe proLelns 1hey conLaln all essenLlal
amlno aclds ln requlred proporLlon Caseln of mllk
lncompleLe proLelns 1hey cannoL promoLe body growLh buL susLalns body
welghL ulses (ChapaLhl) are deflclenL ln meLhlonlne and rlch ln lyslne
Cereals (ual) are deflclenL ln lyslne buL rlch ln meLhlonlne
oor proLelns Wlll noL even susLaln orlglnal body welghL Zeln of corn
lacks LrypLophan and lyslne