Air Pollution ……

AMRITH KRISHNA,
XI Sci

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What is air pollution?

Contamination of the air

by noxious gases,
minute particles of solid
and liquid matter
(particulates)
in concentrations that
endanger health
 Air Pollutants

Gaseous Pollutants Particulate Pollutants

They are Oxides of Sulphur,

Nitrogen & Carbon, hydrogen These are dust, mist, fume,
Sulphide, Hydrocarbons, smoke,
Ozone and other Oxidants Smog etc.
 Gaseous Air Pollutants
Oxides Of sulphur
• Mainly Sulphur dioxide is produced due to burning of
fossil fuels

• Even Low concentration of it causes Respiratory

diseases

• The Presence of ParticulateMatter in Polluted air

Catalyses oxidation of Sulphur dioxide to Sulphur
2SO2 + O2
trioxide 2SO3
Nitrogen oxides (NOx):

•from fossil fuel burning

O2 & N2 reacts to form NO AND NO2

O2 + N2 2NO
2NO + O2 NO2 + O2

•NO2 Production is faster whe NO Reacts with O3 in

the stratosphere
•causes respiratory problems
•Toxic to Living Tissues
•Harmful to Various Textile Fibres and Metals
Hydrocarbons/Volatile organic compounds
(VOC’s):

• from incomplete burning of fossil fuels - gases

and vapors such as gasoline fumes and solvents
• Carcinogenic
• Harms Plants Plants by causing ageing,
Breakdown Of tissues Shedding of leaves etc.

Oxides of Carbon
(i) Carbon Dioxide
•Excess Formation is due to Burning of Fossil fuel,
Decomposition of limestone and cement Manufacture.
•Deforesteration leads to disturbance in balancing the CO2 level
•Responsible for Global Warming
 CARBON MONOXIDE

FROM VEHICLES CIGARETTE SMOKES

Reacts with haemoglobin

to form carboxy haemoglobin

Affects Central Nervous System

Suffocation and Death

 Particulate Pollutants
• They are minute solid particles or Liquid droplets in air

Particulate Pollutants

Smoke Dust Mist Fumes

 Smog
•Derived from Smoke and fog.
They are of 2 types

Classical Smog
•Occurs in cool Humid climate
•Mixture of Smoke fog and SO2

Photochemical Smog
•Occurs in warm, dry And Sunny Climate.
•It has high Concentration of oxidising
 Formation Of Photochemical Smog
•When Fossil Fuels are burnt
hydrocarbons and NO are emitted.
•Chain reaction Occurs from their
interaction with Sunlight and NO2 is
formed

NO2 NO + O
O + O2 O3
NO + O3 NO2 + O2

•NO2 and O3 reacts with unburnt

hydrocarbons to produce formaldehyde
and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
 Photochemical Smog

PAN Ozone Nitric oxide Formaldehyde

If in High
Concentarion
Cause eye Cause Nose
irritation and Throat •Headache
irritation •Chest Pain
•Cough
 Effects of
Air Pollution
• Acid rain
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
• In Humans
- various
health problems
 ACID RAINS
OCCURS DUE TO PRESENCE OF

SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES

WHICH COMES FROM:
• burning fossil fuels
• power generation (especially coal)
• smelting and refining
 ACID RAINS

A form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by

electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant
regions.
 EFFECTS
• Contaminate Drinking Water

• Damage Aquatic Life

• Affects Food cycle

• Erode Sculptures And Statues

 EFFECTS
• Erode Buildings and Monuments
 EFFECTS

• AFFECTS TREES
• SOIL BECOMES ACIDIC
i. Degradation of soil
ii. Decline in forest and vegetation
 Global warming
• Global Warming is
increase in the average
temperature of the
atmosphere, oceans, and
landmasses of Earth.
• The planet has warmed
and cooled many times
during the 4.65 billion
years of its history
 CAUSES

Burning of FOSSIL FUELS Deforesteration

GREENHOUSE Gases like

CO2 & CH4 are formed Agricultural activities

GLOBAL WARMING
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
Increase In Earth’s Temperature

 Melting of ice caps and glaciers

This will lead to flooding of coastal areas

 Variability in weather
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

Human health
Heat stress
Allergies
Respiratory diseases

 Agriculture
adverse conditions for
the crops
OZONE DEPLETION
CHLORO FLUORO CARBONS

CFC’s are responsible for ozone

depletion

• They are broken

apart by solar
radiation:
A free chlorine (Cl) is
released from CFC
molecule

this free Cl reacts

with ozone
 Chlorine breaks down ozone to O2 + ClO

these react further, again liberating the Cl and free O

O + O = O2

in this way, Cl is rec ycl ed …one Cl atom can break down up to

100,000 ozone molecules
 EFFECTS
• Depletion of stratospheric ozone increases the
level of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at ground level

• Excessive exposure to UV causes

– sunburn
– has been linked to skin cancer
– suppression of the immune system
– increased risk of developing cataracts in humans.

• IT WILL ALSO LEAD TO VARIATIONS IN

– Global rainfall
– Ecological disturbances
– Food supplies
Temporal changes in the Antarctic ozone
hole

Dobson units

About 2 83 00 000 KM2 OF AREA OF OZONE HAVE

DEPLETED IN ANTARCTIC ZONE
 Stratospheric Ozone over Canada

.
• Stratospheric ozone, which acts as a natural filter
for the extreme intensity of the sun's ultraviolet
rays, has thinned over Canada since 1980.
 •Health Problems in Humans
IMPACT ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

•BRONCHITIS
•ASTHMA
•PNEUMONIA
•LUNG CANCER
 MICRO ORGANISMS

BACTERIA VIRUS

TUBERCULOSIS PNEUMONIA

COLD CHICKEN POX TYPHOID INFLUENZA

Different micro-organisms also enter our body

through the air we inhale
 BEFORE PACKING UP

“There's so much pollution in the air

now that if it weren't for our lungs
there'd be no place to put it all.”
-ROBERT ORBEN
U.S.Magician and comedy writer
FOR A FURTHUR LOOK
http://www.epa.gov/air/
http://www.ec.gc.ca/air/
http://www.ec.gc.ca/mercury/home.html
http://www.unites.uqam.ca/comern/
http://www.unep.org/ozone/montreal.shtm
http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/
http://unfccc.int/
http://www.ec.gc.ca/climate/
 AN
AMRITH POWER
PRESENTATION

END