It’s All About Computers……

AMRITH KRISHNA,
XI Sci

BEGIN SHOW ……A PROJECT BY

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BEFORE BEGINNING

KNOW YOUR COMPUTER

&
MAKE IT YOUR FRIEND

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 Computers
• Computers are automatic
electronic devices that can
perform complex tasks by
breaking them into simple
calculations and doing them
extremely quickly .They
have the ability to store ,
manipulate , and
communicate information .
Computers had a massive
impact on our lives.

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 LET’S CHECK OUT

WHAT’S INSIDE A COMPUTER

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 Computer Case

• The part of the PC

that you actually see
is the case

• It is officially called
the "system unit,“ but
generally called as
the case.

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 Motherboard

• Everything is connected to
the motherboard
• A motherboard is a thin,
flat piece of circuit board,
usually of green or gold
color, usually slightly larger
than a piece of paper.

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 CPU

• The CPU (Central

Processing Unit, also
called the microprocessor)
is where all the
calculations take place in
the PC.
• CPUs will be either PGA
(Pin Grid Array) or SEC
(Single Edge Cartridge).

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 RAM (Random Access Memory)

• RAM (Random Access

Memory) is where theCPU
stores programsand data
that it iscurrently using.
• RAM is measured in
unitscalled "bytes“
and"megabytes."

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 Read Only Memory

• When you switch on a

computer, a program
that is permanently
stored in the ROM
checks the computer
and makes it ready
for use. The ROM’s
program cannot be
changed.

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 Hard Drive

• Hard drives store

programs and data that are
not currently being used by
the CPU.

• Hard drive capacity is

measured in megabytes and
gigabytes.

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 Hard Drive

• The capacity of a single

hard drive can vary from as
low as 10 megabytes (very
old systems) up to
40,80,120 or more
gigabytes.

• There are two common

types of hard drives: IDE
and SCSI.

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 Hard Drive

• Any PC might have IDE,

SCSI or both installed.

• IDE drives use a roughly

1.5“ wide, 40-pin ribbon cable

• SCSI drives will use a

roughly 2" wide, 50-pin cable

• IDE supports up to two hard

drives per controller.

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 Hard Drive

• Each ribbon cable has two

connectors for hard drives.

• With two controllers, each

controlling two drives, a PC
can support up to four IDE
drives.

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 CD-ROM Drive

• CD-ROM drives enable

the system to access CD-
ROM disks. CD-ROM
drives are quite large,
usually the single largest
component inside the PC.

• They are connected

with an IDE cable to
an IDE controller.

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 Floppy Drive
• The floppy drive enables to
access floppy diskettes.
• Floppy ribbon cables are
the narrowest ribbon cable,
only slightly more than 1"
wide.
• There is a twist in the
cable, usually close to
where the floppy cable is
connected to the floppy
drive.

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 Floppy Drive

• A PC can support up to two

floppy drives.

•If a PC has two floppy

drives, they will be
connected to the same
ribbon cable.

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 Power Supply

• The Power Supply

provides the necessary
electrical power to make
• The vastthe majority of power
PC operate.
supplies are about the
•size of a standard
It takes shoebox cut
110involt
half
AC and
powerareand
usually gray it
converts
intoor metal
12, colored.
5, and sometimes
3.3 volt DC power.

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 Power Supply Cable

• Every drive needs to be

connected to a power
connector.

• There are several power

connectors on one power
supply cable.

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 Connectors

• There are many types of

connectors (often called "ports")
that different
devices use.

• Although there are close to 50

different connectors used with
PCs, almost all connectors
break down into these types:

"DB," "DIN," "Centronics," "RJ,

"USB, " and "Audio."

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 Keyboard and Mouse Connection

• All PCs have a keyboard

port directly connected to the
motherboard.

• Two types of keyboard

connectors:
– DIN type connector
popularly known as the "AT-
style“
– PS/2 style“ or mini-DIN

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 Keyboard and Mouse Connection

• PS/2 style mini-DIN is

for both the keyboard
and mouse

• Each mini-DIN socket

is clearly marked as
to its correct use

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 Universal Serial Bus (USB)

• USB ports can handle

many more devices

Keyboards
Mouse
Digital cameras
Printers
Data Cable
And many more…

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 DB Type Connectors
• They have a slight D shape,
designed to allow only one
proper way to insert the plug into
the socket.

• Each DB connector has

groups of small pins and
sockets which insert as a group.

• DB connectors can have from 9

up to 37 pins.

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 DIN Connectors

• DIN connectors are a

European design that
is also common on every PC.

• These connectors
are round and come
in only two common
sizes: DIN and Mini- DIN.

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 Centronics Connector
• Centronics connectors use
one large central tab, covered
with contacts instead of pins
although, the word "pins" is still
used to describe the number of
contacts.

• Centronics connectors are

also distinct in that the sockets
have wire "wings" that lock the
plug to the socket to reduce the
chance of accidental removal.

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 RJ Type Plug

• •The
Thelittle
phoneplastic
jackplug used
is the RJ-
to connect
11. It isyour
used telephone
almost
wire to the jackforismodems.
exclusively a classic
example of an RJ type plug.
• RJ-45 is used for one very
• Two typestype
popular of RJ
of jacks
network
used in PCs:
cabling and the
mostRJ-11 and
network
the RJ-45.
cards have a RJ-45 socket.

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 Audio Connectors

• Audio connectors are

perhaps the simplest of all.

• Use to plug into

soundcards.

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Sound Card Connection
••Soundcards
In order to play and record
perform two
sounds, a soundcard needs
functions;
2)to they
connect
takeatdigital
least to a set
• Soundcards
of speakers
information willand
have
and a it15-
turn
pin into
DB socket that
microphone.
sound, enables
outputting
youtheto sound
connect electronic
through
•speakers. musicalhave four
Soundcards
3)sockets
They instruments.
for mini-type
take sound, audio
inputted jacks:
through a
–microphone,
Microphone,and Speaker,
turn it
Linedigital
into In, and Line Out.
data.

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 Sound Card

• The Microphone and

Speaker connect a • Most PCs will have a small
microphone and speakers. cable running between the
soundcard and the CD-ROM
• Line In enables a to enable the CD-ROM to
soundcard to record from a play audio CD-ROMs through
stereo, tape recorder, etc. the soundcard.

• Line Out enables the • Turning your PC into a

soundcard to output to stereo system!
those same type of devices.

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 Video Card

• The video card will have a

distinct 15-pin DB connector.

• While most DB connectors

will have only two rows of
pins, the video card will
have three rows.

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 Network Card

••ANetworks
NIC will are
be connected
PCs that shareby
distinguished information.
having
oneThe PCs
of the are usually
following types
connected
of by some type of
connectors:
cabling,
– RJ-45usually an advanced
– 15-pin type
DBof phone
– 9-pincable
DB. or coax.
– It is very common to see
• Network
NICs with morecards (NICs)
than one
provide the interface between
connector.
the network and the PC.

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 Modem

• A modem works with

• An external modem
your telephone line.
sits outside the PC
and is plugged into a
• A modem is designed
serial port.
to translate analog
telephone signals into
• Modems have RJ-11
digital serial data.
sockets.

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 Serial Port
• It takes a stream of serial
data and converts it into a
format that is easily
understood by the CPU.

• The serial connector was

and is either a 25- or a 9-
pin male DB connector.
• You can get an adapter
that enables you to
convert 9 to 25 or 25 to 9.

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AN AMRITH POWER PRESENTATION

EXIT
10/22/08
END