Interpersonal

Nonverbal

Verbal Communication
The words we use

Nonverbal Communication
Bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically accompany a verbal message

Definition
Bartol and Martin Define non- verbal communication as communication by means of elements and behavior that are not coded into words. Non-verbal communication includes body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give to words, facial expressions and the physical distance between the sender and the receiver.

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Intentional or unintentional Ambiguous Primary Continuous Multichanneled
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Functions of Nonverbal Communication

To provide information To regulate interaction To express or hide emotion and affect

To present an image
To express power and control
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Regulate Interaction
Facial expressions or gestures that are used to control or regulate the flow of a conversation

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Express Emotion or Affect

Facial expressions and gestures that augment the verbal expression of feelings
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IMPORTANCE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Used to repeat the verbal message (starting directions) Often used to ascent a verbal message (verbal tone indicates the actual meaning of the specific words) Often complement the verbal message but also may contradict Regulate interactions May substitute for the verbal messages
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Types of Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics Paralanguage Vocal interferences Spatial Usage Self-presentation cues

Kinesics
Kinesics is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures or, more formally, non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole

Eye Contact

Facial expressions
Emotions Gesture Posture Touch
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Touch
Touching and being touched are essential to a healthy life Touch can communicate power, empathy, understanding
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Paralanguage
Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously, and it includes the pitch, volume, and, in some cases, intonation of speech. Sometimes the definition is restricted to vocally-produced sounds. The study is known as paralinguistics.

Pitch Volume Rate Quality Intonation intonation is variation of pitch

while speaking which is not used to distinguish words
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Vocal Interferences
Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech
uh, um you know, like

Place markers Filler

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Spatial Usage
Proxemics
Proxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact

Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public Distance

Territory Artifacts
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Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering Close phase less than 6 inches (15 cm) Far phase 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm) Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family members Close phase 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm) Far phase 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm) Social distance for interactions among acquaintances Close phase 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) Far phase 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m) Public distance used for public speaking Close phase 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m) Far phase 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.
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Personal Space at Work

Your office Your desk A table in the cafeteria that you sit at regularly
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Color Influences Communication

Yellow cheers and elevates moods Red excites and stimulates Blue comforts and soothes

In some cultures black suggests mourning

In some cultures white suggests purity

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Self-Presentation Cues
Physical Appearance
Endomorph Mesomorph

Ectomorph

Time (Chronemics)
Monochronic Polychronic

Olfactory Communication
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Self-Presentation
What message do you wish to send with your choice of clothing and personal grooming?

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Time
How do we manage and react to others management of time duration activity punctuality
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Cultural and Gender Variations

Kinesics Haptics Paralanguage Proxemics and Territory Olfactory Communication

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Nonverbal Signals
Vary from culture to culture

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What does this symbol mean to you?

In the United States it is a symbol for good job In Germany the number one In Japan the number five In Ghana an insult In Malaysia the thumb is used to point rather than a finger
-Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games
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Improving Nonverbal Communication Skills

When sending messages
Be conscious of nonverbal behavior Be purposeful in use of nonverbals Make sure nonverbals are not distracting Match verbal and nonverbal communication Adapt to the situation

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Improving Nonverbal Communication Skills

When receiving messages
Dont automatically assume Consider gender, culture and individual differences Pay attention to all aspects of nonverbal communication Use perception checking
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