Activity 21:

Phylum Mollusca
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Secondlargest phylum in the animal
kingdom
– Microscopic to macroscopic
– Slow to active organisms
– Terrestrial, freshwater, or marine
environments
 Microscopic to macroscopic
 Have different modes of nutrition
 Occur in a wide variety of
environments
 GENERAL BODY PLAN
 Head
 Ventrally located muscular foot
 Dorsally located visceral mass
 Mantle / pallium – for shell/spicule
secretion
 Radula (except for bivalves)
 Complete digestive tract
 Gonads in visceral mass
 Monoecious or dioecious
 CLASSIFICATION
 Subphylum Conchifera – with 1 shell; (-)
spicules
– Class Gastropoda
– Class Bivalvia
– Class Cephalopoda
– Class Scaphopoda
– Class Monoplacophora
 Subphylum Aculifera – with multiple shell
plates; (+) spicules
– Class Polyplacophora
– Class Aplacophora
 Class Gastropoda
 Members usually
sluggish and
sedentary eyespots
 Mostly with
asymmetrical bodies tentacles
 Most with single,
conical and spiral jaws
shell
– May be reduced or
absent (e.g.
nudibranch)
 (+) Cephalic
tentacles
 Simple eyes
 Radula
 Jaws
 RADULA
 toothed chitinous
ribbon in the
mouth of most
mollusks
 used for cutting
and chewing food
before it enters the
esophagus
 It is present in all
molluscs except
bivalves
 Pila (freshwater kuhol) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Gastropoda

Shell made of CaCO3

 Haliotis (abalone) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Gastropoda
 Turbo (turban snail) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Gastropoda

•Torsion
•Whorl
•Spire
 Cypraea (cowries) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Gastropoda
Shell uncoiled
Nudibranch
soft-bodied snails
gills
rhinophores

Spanish shawl

Sea slug
 Class Bivalvia /
Pelecypoda
 Shells have 2 lateral valves
 Elastic ligament
 Body is enclosed by a 2-lobed mantle

(elevation)
 Class Bivalvia /
Pelecypoda
 hatchet shaped foot in burrowers
 Head lacks eyes, radula and tentacles
Tridacna (giant clam) -
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia
 Spondylus (scallop) -
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia
S. princeps

S. versicolor
 Chlamys (scallop) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia

C. swifti

C. islandicus
 Perna (mussel) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia

P. veridis
Crassostrea (oyster) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia

Pacific oysters

Atlantic oyster
Anodonta (freshwater clam) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Bivalvia

A. suborbiculata A. anatina
 Class Cephalopoda
 Free-swimming
 Fast moving
 Active carnivores
 Elongated body
 Skeleton may be
external, internal or
absent Octopus arm
 Foot developed into prehensile arms
or tentacles
 Class Cephalopoda
 Well-defined
head
 Complex eyes
 Brain in
cartilaginous
cranium
 (+) radula
 Beak-like jaws
 Tentacles
 Loligo (squid) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Cephalopoda
mantle

siphon

8 arms and 2 tentacles

ctenidia
 Sepia (cuttlefish) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Cephalopoda
 Octopus (octopus) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Cephalopoda
 Nautilus (nautiloid) –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Cephalopoda
 Class Scaphopoda
 Burrowing and sedentary
 Shell in one piece
 Shell opens on both sides
 With modified conical foot
 Head is reduced or absent
 No eyes
 With radula, jaws and thin tentacles
Dentalium (Elephant’s tusk
shell)
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class
posterior
Scaphopoda

anterior
shell
 Class Monoplacophora
 Bilaterally
symmetrical
 Have a dorsal, single, dome- or cap-
shaped shell
 Has a broad, flattened foot
 Includes many fossil species
 Neopilina –
Subphylum Conchifera;
Class Monoplacophora

N. galatheae
 Class Polyplacophora
 Include marine chitons
 Bodies elongated and dorsoventrally
flattened
 Shell divided into:
– 7 or 8 overlapping plates
– Flat, creeping foot
 Head reduced
 No eyes
 Well defined mouth with radula
 Chiton –
Subphylum Aculifera;
Class Polyplacophora
C. glaucus
girdle

Mu
scu
lar
8 calcareous plates foo
t
 Acanthozostera –
Subphylum Aculifera;
Class Polyplacophora
A. gemmata
 Class Aplacophora
 Worm-like molluscs called
SOLENOGASTERS
 With oblong, cylindrical to vermiform
bodies
 No shell
 Lack a well-defined head
 Radula and jaws sometimes present
 Neomenia –
Subphylum Aculifera;
Class Aplacophora

N. yamamotoi
 Chaetoderma –
Subphylum Aculifera;
Class Aplacophora
C. japonicum
 View the following
slides:
 Helix/ Pila/ Haliotsis/ Cypraea/ Turbo
 Perna/ Anodonta
 Loligo/ Sepia
 Dentalium/ Chiton
 Fin.
Merci.